Patient characteristics overall and by provider*
| All referrals | Attenders | |||||||||
| Overall | Provider | Overall | Provider | |||||||
| A | B | C | D | A | B | C | D | |||
| n (row %) | 99 473 | 39 690 (39.9) | 10 657 (10.7) | 20 944 (21.1) | 28 182 (28.3) | 55 275 | 23 586 (42.7) | 6667 (12.1) | 13 882 (25.1) | 11 140 (20.2) |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Male | 44 793 (45.4) | 17 578 (44.6) | 4456 (43.7) | 9281 (44.5) | 13 478 (47.8) | 24 577 (44.7) | 10 275 (43.8) | 2850 (43.1) | 6206 (45.0) | 5246 (47.1) |
| Female | 53 835 (54.6) | 21 843 (55.4) | 5739 (56.3) | 11 549 (55.4) | 14 704 (52.2) | 30 404 (55.3) | 13 169 (56.2) | 3757 (56.9) | 7584 (55.0) | 5894 (52.9) |
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| Median (IQR) | 64 (19) | 65 (18) | 65 (19) | 62 (19) | 65 (19) | 66 (17) | 66 (16) | 67 (16) | 64 (18) | 67 (17) |
| Age group, n (%) | ||||||||||
| <40 | 4923 (5.0) | 1716 (4.3) | 536 (5.0) | 1319 (6.3) | 1352 (4.8) | 1930 (3.5) | 755 (3.2) | 191 (2.9) | 647 (4.7) | 337 (3.0) |
| 40–49 | 11 539 (11.6) | 4228 (10.7) | 1270 (11.9) | 2873 (13.7) | 3168 (11.2) | 5175 (9.4) | 2006 (8.5) | 602 (9.0) | 1621 (11.7) | 946 (8.5) |
| 50–59 | 21 199 (21.3) | 8321 (21.0) | 2139 (20.1) | 4811 (23.0) | 5928 (21.0) | 10 957 (19.8) | 4622 (19.6) | 1176 (17.6) | 3063 (22.1) | 2096 (18.8) |
| 60–69 | 27 560 (27.7) | 11 372 (28.7) | 2926 (27.5) | 5515 (26.4) | 7747 (27.5) | 16 585 (30.0) | 7325 (31.1) | 2016 (30.2) | 3903 (28.2) | 3341 (30.0) |
| 70–79 | 24 878 (25.0) | 10 183 (25.7) | 2817 (26.4) | 4763 (22.8) | 7115 (25.3) | 15 576 (28.2) | 6583 (27.9) | 2054 (30.8) | 3550 (25.6) | 3389 (30.4) |
| 80+ | 9345 (9.4) | 3870 (9.8) | 967 (9.1) | 1639 (7.8) | 2869 (10.2) | 5036 (9.1) | 2295 (9.7) | 628 (9.4) | 1082 (7.8) | 1031 (9.3) |
| Deprivation, n (%) | ||||||||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 21 054 (21.2) | 7065 (17.8) | 4108 (38.8) | 5403 (26.1) | 4478 (15.9) | 10 856 (19.7) | 4028 (17.1) | 2092 (31.6) | 3219 (23.4) | 1517 (13.6) |
| 2 | 21 291 (21.5) | 8753 (22.1) | 2330 (22.0) | 5136 (24.8) | 5072 (18.0) | 11 305 (20.5) | 4881 (20.7) | 1480 (22.3) | 3174 (23.1) | 1770 (15.9) |
| 3 | 20 582 (20.8) | 9775 (24.6) | 1854 (17.5) | 3831 (18.5) | 5122 (18.2) | 11 899 (21.6) | 5790 (24.6) | 1344 (20.3) | 2737 (19.9) | 2028 (18.2) |
| 4 | 18 605 (18.8) | 7919 (20.0) | 1172 (11.1) | 3309 (16.0) | 6205 (22.0) | 10 730 (19.5) | 4816 (20.4) | 866 (13.1) | 2388 (17.4) | 2660 (23.9) |
| 5 (least deprived) | 17 641 (17.8) | 6173 (15.6) | 1115 (10.5) | 3061 (14.8) | 7292 (25.9) | 10 319 (18.7) | 4068 (17.3) | 845 (12.8) | 2245 (16.3) | 3161 (28.4) |
| Ethnicity†, n (%) (available for attenders only) | ||||||||||
| White | 38 439 (74.6) | 17 206 (74.6) | 5303 (81.9) | 7694 (67.3) | 8236 (78.3) | |||||
| Asian | 6804 (13.2) | 3115 (13.5) | 736 (11.4) | 1550 (13.6) | 1403 (13.3) | |||||
| Black | 4298 (8.3) | 1717 (7.4) | 357 (5.5) | 1702 (14.9) | 522 (5.0) | |||||
| Other | 1967 (3.8) | 1036 (4.5) | 77 (1.2) | 493 (4.3) | 361 (3.4) | |||||
| Employment, n (%) (available for attenders only) | ||||||||||
| Retired | 23 869 (57.3) | 12 932 (56.2) | 3577 (60.2) | 4011 (57.4) | 3349 (58.4) | |||||
| Other | 4542 (10.9) | 2559 (11.1) | 676 (11.4) | 712 (10.2) | 595 (10.4) | |||||
| Disability, n (%) (available for attenders only) | ||||||||||
| No | 38 700 (81.1) | 18 504 (80.7) | 4160 (75.5) | 7742 (87.5) | 8294 (79.5) | |||||
| Yes | 9020 (18.9) | 4421 (19.3) | 1350 (24.5) | 1108 (12.5) | 2141 (20.5) | |||||
| Smoking, n (%) (available for attenders only) | ||||||||||
| Smoker | 3620 (8.3) | 2129 (9.2) | 499 (8.8) | 321 (5.5) | 671 (7.6) | |||||
| Ex-smoker | 122 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 120 (2.1) | 2 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||
| Non-smoker | 39 701 (91.4) | 20 955 (90.8) | 5058 (89.1) | 5504 (94.5) | 8184 (92.4) | |||||
| Referral HbA1c, % (mmol/mol) | ||||||||||
| n Median (IQR) | 82 418 6.1 (43) (0.3 (3)) | 36 870 6.1 (43) (0.3 (3)) | 10 133 6.1 (43) (0.3 (3)) | 19 520 6.1 (43) (0.3 (3)) | 15 895 6.2 (44) (0.3 (3)) | 49 088 6.1 (43) (0.3 (3)) | 21 658 6.1 (43) (0.3 (3)) | 6345 6.1 (43) (0.3 (3)) | 13 130 6.1 (43) (0.3 (3)) | 7955 6.2 (44) (0.2 (2)) |
| Referral FPG (mmol/L) | ||||||||||
| n Median (IQR) | 12 840 5.8 (0.6) | 9907 5.7 (0.8) | 556 6.1 (0.6) | 796 5.9 (0.6) | 1581 5.9 (0.5) | 6845 5.8 (0.6) | 5210 5.7 (0.7) | 343 6 (0.6) | 573 5.9 (0.6) | 719 6 (0.5) |
| Referral blood glucose category‡, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Normal | 1735 (2.0) | 503 (1.3) | 196 (1.8) | 976 (4.8) | 60 (0.3) | 684 (1.3) | 216 (0.9) | 55 (0.8) | 395 (2.9) | 18 (0.2) |
| NDH | 85 803 (97.5) | 38 955 (98.3) | 10 396 (97.7) | 19 083 (94.3) | 17 369 (99.4) | 51 695 (98.4) | 23 257 (98.8) | 6591 (99.0) | 13 200 (96.8) | 8647 (99.8) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 452 (0.5) | 174 (0.4) | 53 (0.5) | 184 (0.9) | 41 (0.2) | 134 (0.3) | 70 (0.3) | 12 (0.2) | 48 (0.4) | 4 (0.1) |
| Initial assessment weight (kg) (available for attenders only) | ||||||||||
| n Median (IQR) | 46 240 81.8 (24.2) | 22 378 81.0 (23.8) | 6634 82.0 (23.8) | 6383 81.8 (23.9) | 10 845 83.3 (24.5) | |||||
| Initial assessment BMI category§, n (%) (available for attenders only) | ||||||||||
| Underweight/healthy weight | 7665 (16.8) | 3847 (17.2) | 1068 (16.1) | 1189 (19.2) | 1561 (14.9) | |||||
| Overweight | 16 742 (36.7) | 8205 (36.7) | 2465 (37.2) | 2326 (37.6) | 3746 (35.8) | |||||
| Obese | 21 253 (46.6) | 10 322 (46.1) | 3101 (46.7) | 2673 (43.2) | 5157 (49.3) | |||||
| WEMWBS score (available for attenders only) | ||||||||||
| n Median (IQR) | 40 446 54 (13) | 16 403 54 (12) | 5994 54 (13) | 10 914 54 (15) | 7135 52 (14) | |||||
*Levels of missing data can be inferred, or see online supplemental table S4 for details.
†‘Asian’ comprises those reporting Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, or ‘other Asian’ ethnicity; ‘black’ comprises those reporting Caribbean, African, or ‘other black’ ethnicity; ‘other’ comprises those reporting any other non-white ethnicity, including ‘mixed’ groups.
‡HbA1c and FPG groups combined; ‘normal’ range: HbA1c <6.0% (42 mmol/mol) or FPG <5.5 mmol/L; ‘NDH’ range: HbA1c 6.0%–6.4% (42–47 mmol/mol) or FPG 5.5–6.9 mmol/L inclusive; ‘type 2 diabetes’ range: HbA1c >6.4% (47 mmol/mol) or FPG >6.9 mmol/L.
§‘Underweight’: <18.5 kg/m2; ‘healthy weight’: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; ‘overweight’: 25–29.9 kg/m2; and ‘obese’: 30 kg/m2 or higher.
BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; NDH, non-diabetic hyperglycemia; WEMWBS, Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale.