Table 2

Differences between the first and second reviews after controlling for treatment setting and interaction; adjusted for age and HbA1c (n=1299)

	Time*			Treatment setting (PC or SC)†			Interaction‡
	β	95% CI	P value	β	95% CI	P value	β	95% CI	P value
PAM (units)	1.53	0.67 to 2.39	0.001	0.09	−2.04 to 2.22	0.080	0.31	−2.01 to 2.63	0.796
EQ-5D (units)	0.001	−0.01 to 0.01	0.814	−0.08	−0.12 to −0.05	<0.001	0.01	−0.02 to 0.04	0.507
ADDQoL (units)	−0.04	−0.10 to 0.02	0.193	−0.87	−1.06 to −0.69	<0.001	0.06	−0.11 to 0.23	0.487
BIPQ (units)
Consequence	0.25	0.08 to 0.42	0.004	1.88	1.44 to 2.23	<0.001	−0.35	−0.82 to 0.12	0.141
Timeline	0.03	−0.15 to 0.20	0.756	0.78	0.33 to 1.22	0.001	−0.16	−0.64 to 0.31	0.503
Personal control	0.21	0.04 to 0.37	0.015	0.28	−0.10 to 0.66	0.155	0.19	−0.27 to 0.65	0.412
Treatment control	−0.09	−0.25 to 0.07	0.279	0.10	−0.29 to 0.49	0.626	0.13	−0.31 to 0.58	0.557
Identity	0.10	−0.06 to 0.27	0.215	1.96	1.50 to 2.41	<0.001	0.05	−0.40 to 0.50	0.829
Illness concern	0.04	−0.15 to 0.23	0.660	1.04	0.54 to 1.56	<0.001	−0.01	−0.52 to 0.51	0.971
Coherence	0.41	0.26 to 0.56	<0.001	0.37	−0.01 to 0.75	0.055	−0.27	−0.68 to 0.15	0.205
Emotional representation	0.16	−0.03 to 0.34	0.098	1.74	1.25 to 2.23	<0.001	−0.29	−0.80 to 0.21	0.258
PAID (units)	−0.25	−0.48 to −0.02	0.034	2.08	1.38 to 2.78	<0.001	−0.04	−0.68 to 0.59	0.901
SDSCA (units)
General diet	0.11	−0.02 to 0.24	0.108	0.28	−0.06 to 0.63	0.111	0.04	−0.32 to 0.40	0.838
Physical exercise	−0.12	−0.26 to 0.002	0.094	−0.14	−0.49 to 0.22	0.442	−0.003	−0.39 to 0.38	0.986
Blood glucose testing	0.08	−0.04 to 0.21	0.203	2.87	2.51 to 3.23	<0.001	0.12	−0.22 to 0.46	0.488
Foot care	0.10	−0.04 to 0.24	0.169	0.74	0.37 to 1.10	<0.001	−0.06	−0.44 to 0.32	0.767
HbA1c (%}	0.08	0.03 to 0.12	0.001	0.98	0.82 to 1.13	<0.001	−0.13	−0.25 to 0.005	0.042
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	−2.71	−4.64 to −0.77	0.004	1.16	−4.64 to 0.96	0.718	−0.39	−5.80 to 5.02	0.876
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	0.08	−0.98 to 1.13	0.888	5.77	3.08 to 8.47	<0.001	−4.45	−7.42 to −1.48	0.003
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.22	−0.33 to −0.10	<0.001	1.88	0.93 to 2.84	<0.001	−0.11	−0.45 to 0.24	0.544

*Reference category: T1.
†Reference category: SC.
‡Interaction between time and treatment setting.
ADDQoL, Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life; BIPQ, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; BMI, body mass index; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 Dimension; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PAID, Problem Areas In Diabetes scale; PAM, Patient Activation Measure; PC, primary care; SC, secondary care; SDSCA, Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure.