Descriptive characteristics of participants for current analyses at DPP baseline
| Men (n=886) | Premenopausal women (n=801) | Postmenopausal women (n=455) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 54.0±10.9 | 42.3±5.9 | 56.7±9.6 | <0.001* |
| Race | <0.001† | |||
| Caucasian | 521 (59) | 400 (50) | 226 (50) | |
| Other | 365 (41) | 401 (50) | 229 (50) | |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 0.94 (0.00, 5.32) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.94) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.94) | <0.001‡ |
| Leisure activity (Met-hour/week) | 14.9 (5.7, 27.6) | 7.7 (3.0, 16.0) | 7.8 (2.7, 16.5) | <0.001‡ |
| Weight (kg) | 98.4±19.3 | 95.2±21.1 | 91.9±19.5 | <0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.0±5.5 | 35.8±7.0 | 34.9±6.7 | <0.001* |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 108.0±13.3 | 104.5±15.1 | 104.6±14.3 | <0.001* |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 108.4±8.2 | 105.7±8.0 | 106.6±7.7 | <0.001* |
| 2-hour postchallenge glucose (mg/dL) | 163.9±17.0 | 164.0±17.0 | 163.7±17.1 | 0.96* |
| 1/fasting insulin (mL/µU) | 0.0435 (0.0313, 0.0625) | 0.0385 (0.0278, 0.0556) | 0.0417 (0.0303, 0.0626) | <0.001‡ |
| DHEA (pg/mL) | 3042 (2461, 4077) | 2117 (1412, 3120) | 1600 (1030, 2400) | <0.001‡ |
| DHEA-S (ng/mL) | 1000 (602, 1545) | 870 (556, 1231) | 588 (359, 909) | <0.001‡ |
| Estrone (pg/mL) | 38.2 (31.4, 47.0) | 85.2 (54.9, 128.3) | 70.9 (39.0, 118.7) | <0.001‡ |
| Estrone-S (pg/mL) | 626 (426, 910) | 1186 (604, 2204) | 413 (204, 740) | <0.001‡ |
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | 22.4 (18.2, 27.3) | 53.6 (23.1, 104.7) | 9.5 (5.9, 17.2) | <0.001‡ |
| Testosterone (pg/mL) | 3165 (2476, 3960) | 176 (134, 254) | 140 (100, 207) | <0.001‡ |
| DHT (pg/mL) | 236 (172, 321) | – | – | – |
| SHBG (nmol/L) | 39.8 (26.9, 56.3) | 45.2 (30.9, 68.6) | 34.9 (25.9, 46.2) | <0.001‡ |
Values are expressed as n (%), mean±SD, or median (25th percentile, 75th percentile).
Comparisons across the three groups are presented.
*P value from analysis of variance.
†P value from χ2 test.
‡P value from Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test.
BMI, body mass index; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA-S, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; DPP, Diabetes Prevention Program; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin.