The effect of variability level on CVD incidence
| Diabetic control | Non-diabetic control | |||||||
| BMI | LDL-cholesterol | BMI | LDL-cholesterol | |||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Male | 1.52 | (0.86 to 2.67) | 1.10 | (0.52 to 2.31) | 1.30 | (1.09 to 1.56) | 1.31 | (1.04 to 1.65) |
| Age | ||||||||
| 40–49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 50–59 | 2.28 | (1.54 to 3.37) | 1.67 | (0.96 to 2.91) | 2.15 | (1.83 to 2.53) | 1.84 | (1.49 to 2.28) |
| 60+ | 4.93 | (2.36 to 10.30) | 2.33 | (0.75 to 7.19) | 3.46 | (2.36 to 5.07) | 3.25 | (2.03 to 5.20) |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 1.56 | (1.04 to 2.34) | 1.12 | (0.61 to 2.06) | 1.41 | (1.21 to 1.65) | 1.38 | (1.13 to 1.69) |
| Exercise | ||||||||
| No or light | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Moderate | 1.05 | (0.65 to 1.69) | 1.10 | (0.52 to 2.33) | 0.66 | (0.56 to 0.77) | 0.89 | (0.70 to 1.12) |
| Hard | 0.35 | (0.21 to 0.59) | 0.85 | (0.40 to 1.79) | 0.38 | (0.31 to 0.46) | 0.78 | (0.61 to 1.00) |
| Variability | ||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| High | 1.51 | (1.04 to 2.20) | 1.37 | (0.80 to 2.34) | 0.93 | (0.81 to 1.06) | 1.35 | (1.13 to 1.61) |
| SBP | 1.00 | (0.99 to 1.02) | 1.01 | (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.02 | (1.01 to 1.02) | 1.02 | (1.01 to 1.02) |
| Total cholesterol | 1.01 | (1.01 to 1.02) | 1.01 | (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.00 | (0.99 to 1.00) | 1.00 | (0.99 to 1.00) |
| BMI or LDL-cholesterol | 1.05 | (0.98 to 1.13) | 1.00 | (0.98 to 1.01) | 1.07 | (1.04 to 1.10) | 1.00 | (1.00 to 1.01) |
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.