Characteristics of study subject
| Diabetic control | Non-diabetic control | |||||||||
| CVD (n=164) | Non-CVD (n=832) | P value | CVD (n=952) | Non-CVD (n=26 702) | P value | |||||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 23 | (14.0) | 138 | (16.6) | 0.4153 | 191 | (20.1) | 7747 | (29.0) | <0.0001 |
| Male | 141 | (86.0) | 694 | (83.4) | 761 | (79.9) | 18 955 | (71.0) | ||
| Age | ||||||||||
| 40–49 | 82 | (50.0) | 554 | (66.6) | <0.0001 | 688 | (72.3) | 24 841 | (85.5) | <0.0001 |
| 50–59 | 65 | (39.6) | 247 | (29.7) | 232 | (24.4) | 3537 | (13.2) | ||
| 60+ | 17 | (10.4) | 31 | (3.7) | 32 | (3.4) | 324 | (1.2) | ||
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| No | 98 | (64.1) | 624 | (75.0) | 0.0049 | 645 | (70.8) | 20 833 | (78.2) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 55 | (35.9) | 208 | (25.0) | 266 | (29.2) | 5806 | (21.8) | ||
| Missing | 11 | 41 | 63 | |||||||
| Exercise | ||||||||||
| No or light | 36 | (22.2) | 136 | (16.3) | <0.0001 | 263 | (27.9) | 4512 | (16.9) | <0.0001 |
| Moderate | 88 | (54.3) | 325 | (39.1) | 464 | (49.2) | 12 582 | (47.1) | ||
| Hard | 38 | (23.5) | 371 | (44.6) | 216 | (22.9) | 9602 | (36.0) | ||
| Missing | 2 | 9 | 6 | |||||||
| SBP | 128.2 | (13.9) | 126.3 | (13.6) | 0.1065 | 127.4 | (14.9) | 122.8 | (13.5) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol | 192.7 | (37.8) | 179.1 | (35.9) | <0.0001 | 199.2 | (35.2) | 201.0 | (34.1) | 0.0965 |
| BMI | 24.5 | (2.8) | 24.2 | (2.6) | 0.1251 | 24.2 | (2.8) | 23.7 | (2.7) | <0.0001 |
| LDL-cholesterol | 103.8 | (24.7) | 100.4 | 932.5) | 0.3022 | 118.2 | (33.4) | 121.0 | (32.2) | 0.0483 |
| ARV of BMI | 0.8 | (0.7) | 0.7 | (0.5) | 0.0109 | 0.7 | (0.5) | 0.7 | (0.5) | 0.3296 |
| ARV of LDL-cholesterol | 28.7 | (37.6) | 21.7 | (15.1) | 0.1457 | 22.0 | (14.7) | 20.9 | (19.8) | 0.0840 |
n (%) or mean (SD).
The p value is for testing the difference in distribution of characteristics of CVD and non-CVD in each group. It is desirable to interpret the significance level of statistical decision-making down to 2.5% by Bonferroni’s correction to control family-wise type 1 error rate.
ARV, average real variability; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.