Table 1

Characteristics of study subject

Diabetic controlNon-diabetic control
CVD
(n=164)
Non-CVD
(n=832)
P valueCVD
(n=952)
Non-CVD
(n=26 702)
P value
Sex
 Female23(14.0)138(16.6)0.4153191(20.1)7747(29.0)<0.0001
 Male141(86.0)694(83.4)761(79.9)18 955(71.0)
Age
 40–4982(50.0)554(66.6)<0.0001688(72.3)24 841(85.5)<0.0001
 50–5965(39.6)247(29.7)232(24.4)3537(13.2)
 60+17(10.4)31(3.7)32(3.4)324(1.2)
Smoking
 No98(64.1)624(75.0)0.0049645(70.8)20 833(78.2)<0.0001
 Yes55(35.9)208(25.0)266(29.2)5806(21.8)
 Missing114163
Exercise
 No or light36(22.2)136(16.3)<0.0001263(27.9)4512(16.9)<0.0001
 Moderate88(54.3)325(39.1)464(49.2)12 582(47.1)
 Hard38(23.5)371(44.6)216(22.9)9602(36.0)
 Missing296
SBP128.2(13.9)126.3(13.6)0.1065127.4(14.9)122.8(13.5)<0.0001
Total cholesterol192.7(37.8)179.1(35.9)<0.0001199.2(35.2)201.0(34.1)0.0965
BMI24.5(2.8)24.2(2.6)0.125124.2(2.8)23.7(2.7)<0.0001
LDL-cholesterol103.8(24.7)100.4932.5)0.3022118.2(33.4)121.0(32.2)0.0483
ARV of BMI0.8(0.7)0.7(0.5)0.01090.7(0.5)0.7(0.5)0.3296
ARV of LDL-cholesterol28.7(37.6)21.7(15.1)0.145722.0(14.7)20.9(19.8)0.0840
  • n (%) or mean (SD).

  • The p value is for testing the difference in distribution of characteristics of CVD and non-CVD in each group. It is desirable to interpret the significance level of statistical decision-making down to 2.5% by Bonferroni’s correction to control family-wise type 1 error rate.

  • ARV, average real variability; BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.