Adherence and persistence over 180 days postindex for GLP-1 RAs versus OAD(s) and versus insulin
| GLP-1 RA vs OAD(s) | OAD(s) | GLP-1 RA | ||
| Criteria | All (n=530) | All (n=530) | OD (n=263) | OW (n=239) |
| Adherence | ||||
| PDC, mean (SD) | 0.75 (0.27) | 0.71 (0.27) | 0.66 (0.28) | 0.74 (0.28) |
| Adherent patients (PDC ≥0.80), n (%) | 313 (59.1) | 278 (52.5) | 110 (41.8) | 146 (61.1) |
| OR (95% CI) vs OADs | – | 0.76 (0.60 to 0.98) | 0.51 (0.38 to 0.69) | 1.09 (0.80 to 1.49) |
| P value | – | 0.0316 | <0.001 | 0.60 |
| Persistence | ||||
| Stay time, days, mean (SD) | 146.0 (56.1) | 142.4 (57.0) | 135.5 (59.8) | 146.6 (54.8) |
| HR (95% CI) vs OADs | – | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.42) | 1.36 (1.10 to 1.73) | 1.02 (0.78 to 1.34) |
| P value | – | 0.16 | 0.014 | 0.88 |
| Log rank p value | – | 0.15 | 0.0048 | 0.87 |
| Persistent patients, n (%) | 358 (67.5) | 338 (63.8) | 151 (57.4) | 162 (67.8) |
| Discontinuation | ||||
| Patients who discontinued, n (%) | 172 (32.5) | 192 (36.2) | 112 (42.6) | 77 (32.2) |
| Time to discontinuation, days,* mean (SD) | 75.3 (47.7) | 76.3 (45.7) | 75.5 (46.0) | 76.3 (44.7) |
| GLP-1 RA vs insulin | Insulin | GLP-1 RA | ||
| Criteria | All (n=398) | All (n=398) | OD (n=197) | OW (n=177) |
| Adherence | ||||
| PDC, mean (SD) | 0.63 (0.29) | 0.72 (0.27) | 0.68 (0.27) | 0.74 (0.28) |
| Adherent patients (PDC ≥0.80), n (%) | 142 (35.7) | 215 (54.0) | 86 (43.7) | 112 (63.3) |
| OR (95% CI) vs insulin | – | 2.11 (1.58 to 2.81) | 1.40 (0.99 to 1.98) | 3.22 (2.21 to 4.69) |
| P value | – | <0.001 | 0.060 | <0.001 |
| Persistence | ||||
| Stay time, days, mean (SD) | 126.0 (65.0) | 144.7 (55.1) | 139.5 (56.8) | 145.6 (55.7) |
| HR (95% CI) vs insulin | – | 0.68 (0.55 to 0.85) | 0.74 (0.57 to 0.96) | 0.65 (0.48 to 0.87) |
| P value | – | 0.0005 | 0.025 | 0.0038 |
| Log rank p value | – | 0.0003 | 0.081 | 0.0025 |
| Persistent patients, n (%) | 211 (53.0) | 257 (64.6) | 115 (58.4) | 118 (66.7) |
| Discontinuation | ||||
| Patients who discontinued, n (%) | 187 (47.0) | 141 (35.4) | 82 (41.6) | 59 (33.3) |
| Time to discontinuation, days,* mean (SD) | 65.0 (44.5) | 80.4 (46.5) | 82.7 (47.0) | 76.8 (46.9) |
Twice-daily GLP-1 RAs are not assessed in statistical comparisons concerning frequency of administration because few eligible patients were available; however, these patients are included in the cohorts for all GLP-1 RAs.
Bold values indicate significant differences between the OAD(s) or insulin cohort and the respective GLP-1 RA cohort.
Log rank test results showed good consistency with the results of the Cox model.
*Time for discontinuation is presented only for patients who discontinued. For the full cohorts, this is presented as stay time.
GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; OAD, oral antidiabetic drug; OD, once-daily; OW, once-weekly; PDC, proportion of days covered.