Association between baseline seasonal-standardized serum 25(OH)D level and the 11-year risk of T2DM, stratified by PRS for T2DM (N=3467*)
| Seasonal-standardized serum 25(OH)D level (nmol/L) | Participants (n) | Cases (n) | Risk (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI)† |
| PRS low score (bottom 2/3) | 2312 | 31 | 1.3 | ||
| <50 | 1297 | 19 | 1.5 | 1.24 (0.60 to 2.57) | 1.00 (0.44 to 2.31) |
| ≥50 | 1015 | 12 | 1.2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| PRS high score (top 1/3) | 1155 | 53 | 4.6 | ||
| <50 | 691 | 41 | 5.9 | 2.38 (1.23 to 4.57) | 1.78 (0.86 to 3.73) |
| ≥50 | 464 | 12 | 2.6 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
*107 participants were excluded due to missing genetic information.
†Adjusted for age, sex, education, economic difficulties, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sitting time per day, family history of diabetes and chronic diseases.
25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PRS, Polygenic Risk Score; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.