Baseline characteristics in patients with and without diabetes by coronary artery status
| No DM, no CAD (n=41 878) | DM, no CAD (n=5735) | No DM, CAD (n=59 427) | DM, CAD (n=11 747) | |||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Median age (IQR) | 61 years (52–69) | 62 years (53–70) | 66 years (58–74) | 67 (59–74) | ||||
| Female | 20 873 | 49.8 | 2777 | 48.4 | 17 810 | 30.0 | 3522 | 30.0 |
| Active smoker* | 8867 | 21.2 | 1080 | 18.8 | 18 215 | 30.7 | 2906 | 24.7 |
| Mean body mass index* (±SD) | 26.9 kg/m2±5.1 | 30.8 kg/m2±6.5 | 26.8 kg/m2±4.4 | 29.4 kg/m2±5.3 | ||||
| Mean eGFR* (±SD) | 89 mL/min (25.6) | 92 mL/min (32.2) | 86 mL/min (25.1) | 86 mL/min (30.2) | ||||
| Mean systolic BP* (±SD) | 137 mmHg (22) | 140 mmHg (22) | 139 mmHg (23) | 141 mmHg (23) | ||||
| Mean diastolic BP* (±SD) | 78 mmHg (13) | 78 mmHg (13) | 78 mmHg (13) | 77 mmHg (13) | ||||
| Median DM treatment duration, (IQR) | 4.0 years (0.5–9.4) | 4.8 year (0.6–10.7) | ||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 20 157 | 48.1 | 4450 | 77.6 | 31 761 | 53.4 | 9274 | 78.9 |
| Heart failure | 6246 | 14.9 | 1113 | 19.4 | 9136 | 15.4 | 2441 | 20.8 |
| Ischemic stroke | 594 | 1.4 | 200 | 3.5 | 1190 | 2.0 | 501 | 4.3 |
| Transient ischemic attack | 966 | 2.3 | 137 | 2.4 | 1419 | 2.4 | 382 | 3.3 |
| Carotid stenosis | 30 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.1 | 122 | 0.2 | 40 | 0.3 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 6588 | 15.7 | 1043 | 18.2 | 7048 | 11.9 | 1731 | 14.7 |
| Nephropathy | 49 | 0.1 | 376 | 6.6 | 69 | 0.1 | 825 | 7.0 |
| Retinopathy | 31 | 0.1 | 808 | 14.1 | 30 | 0.1 | 1810 | 15.4 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 81 | 0.2 | 275 | 4.8 | 126 | 0.2 | 643 | 5.5 |
| Comedication | ||||||||
| Aspirin | 21 223 | 50.7 | 3553 | 62.0 | 50 368 | 84.8 | 9838 | 83.7 |
| ADP inhibitor | 2289 | 5.5 | 320 | 5.6 | 34 370 | 57.8 | 5676 | 48.3 |
| Vitamin K antagonist | 5638 | 13.2 | 882 | 15.4 | 5260 | 8.9 | 1388 | 11.8 |
| Direct oral anticoagulants | 1030 | 2.5 | 182 | 3.2 | 1207 | 2.0 | 288 | 2.5 |
| Statin | 17 543 | 41.9 | 4149 | 72.3 | 51 122 | 86.0 | 10 302 | 87.7 |
| Insulin | 0 | 0.0 | 1580 | 27.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 3570 | 30.4 |
| Non-insulin | 0 | 0.0 | 3672 | 64.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 7696 | 65.5 |
| Metformin | 3167 | 55.2 | 6480 | 55.2 | ||||
| Sulfonylureas | 1127 | 19.7 | 2769 | 23.6 | ||||
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 344 | 6.0 | 681 | 5.8 | ||||
| GLP-1 analogs | 243 | 4.2 | 435 | 3.7 | ||||
| SGLT-2 inhibitors | 29 | 0.5 | 73 | 0.6 | ||||
| Glitazones | 42 | 0.7 | 100 | 0.9 | ||||
| Repaglinide | 22 | 0.4 | 44 | 0.4 | ||||
| Acarbose | 9 | 0.2 | 28 | 0.2 | ||||
*Missing values: smoking (9.9%); BMI (14.3%), eGFR (26.4%), and blood pressure (13.3%).
ADP, adenosine diphosphate; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP-1, glucagon like peptide-1; SGLT-2, sodium–glucose cotransporter-2.