Baseline characteristics of the intention-to-treat population
| Pioglitazone group (n=19) | Tofogliflozin group (n=21) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 58.8±8.1 | 58.4±12.2 | 0.8901 |
| Men, n (%) | 8 (42.1) | 13 (61.9) | 0.3419 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.3±3.4 | 77.8±3.2 | 0.5854 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8±1.1 | 29.4±1.0 | 0.3513 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 104.8±10.3 | 100.3±10.3 | 0.1712 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.41±0.19 | 4.43±0.26 | 0.7543 |
| AST (IU/mL) | 64.0±38.1 | 54.0±22.9 | 0.3137 |
| ALT (IU/mL) | 79.3±26.8 | 84.0±39.6 | 0.6670 |
| ALP (IU/mL) | 261.6±82.5 | 248.9±70.7 | 0.6025 |
| GGT (IU/mL) | 92.4±109.5 | 66.2±26.1 | 0.2948 |
| CHE (IU/mL) | 377.5±48.9 | 379.4±41.9 | 0.8950 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.76±0.04 | 0.75±0.04 | 0.8393 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 71.2±10.8 | 78.1±15.4 | 0.1118 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 145.7±39.2 | 144.5±50.2 | 0.9334 |
| HbA1c (%(mmol/mol)) | 7.06±0.64 (53.7±7.0) | 7.22±0.88 (55.4±9.6) | 0.5302 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 192.5±35.6 | 188.9±33.0 | 0.7440 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 158.4±55.0 | 152.1±63.4 | 0.7432 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54.1±15.7 | 56.2±12.2 | 0.6392 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 114.1±32.4 | 111.4±28.0 | 0.7808 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 138.9±21.8 | 131.7±12.5 | 0.2035 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 85.8±13.4 | 83.6±10.9 | 0.5669 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.77±1.26 | 5.70±1.06 | 0.8425 |
| Platelet count (×103/μL) | 231.6±63.6 | 247.3±61.9 | 0.4340 |
| Medication of diabetes (n) | |||
| Metformin | 3 | 8 | |
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 5 | 6 | |
| Sulfonylurea | 1 | 4 | |
| Alpha-GI | 0 | 1 |
Data are presented as mean±SD.
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; CHE, cholinesterase; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; GI, glucosidase inhibitor; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.