Patient characteristics factors examined and their corresponding studies
| Patient characteristics: variables | Number of studies examined | Significance | Non-significance/others (qualitative, predictive model) |
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age | 15 | Younger34 38–40
Middle age36 Older33 |
31 32 35 41 42 47 48/ Qualitative,46 Predictive model37 |
| Sex | 14 | Male33 38
Female32 |
31 34–36 39–42 47 48/ Predictive model37 |
| Work | 8 | Unemployment40 |
35 39 41 47/ Qualitative44–46 |
| Race/Ethnicity | 7 | Minority33 38 40 41 | 35 47 48 |
| Income | 5 |
32 35 40 47/ Qualitative45 | |
| Education | 5 | Less educated40
Missing data35 | 31 41 47 |
| Insurance type | 4 | High copay36 40 |
35/ Qualitative45 |
| Residential area | 3 | Deprived area36 40 | 35 |
| Health literacy | 2 | 32 40 | |
| Health status | |||
| DM treatment | 7 | On prescription47
Oral medication only36 Use of insulin34 36 Fewer DM medications per day34 Non-medication39 | 31 35 41 |
| Comorbidities | 5 | Lower comorbidities score36 40 |
35/ Qualitative,45 Predictive model37 |
| Lipid profile lab value | 5 | Higher LDL33 34 40
Higher TG34 No hyperlipidemia33 |
47/ Predictive model37 |
| Number of appointments scheduled | 4 | Less38 |
36 48/ Predictive model37 |
| HbA1c | 4 | Higher34 36
Lower39 | 47 |
| BMI | 4 | Lower33 | 31 35 47 |
| DM duration | 4 | Longer33 42 | 34 47 |
| DM complications | 4 | No retinopathy47
Kidney complication35 More complications33 | 39 |
| Hospitalized or ER visit | 3 | 36 38 48 | |
| Blood pressure reading | 3 | Higher40
Lower33 | 47 |
| Depression | 3 | 32 35 36 | |
| Fasting plasma glucose | 2 | Lower39 | 31 |
| Disease knowledge, belief or attitude | |||
| Disease belief or attitude | 5 | Disease cannot be controlled42
Lower self-efficacy32 Low social functioning32 | Readiness to change47/ Qualitative45 |
| Disease knowledge | 2 |
47/ Qualitative45 | |
| Risk/Protective behavior | |||
| Smoking | 4 | Smoker31 34 | 35 39 |
| Previously missed appointments | 2 | 38 40 | |
| Social support | |||
| Family size | 3 | 35 39 42 | |
| Social support | 2 | Less social support43 |
40 47/ Qualitative45 |
| Others | |||
| Transportation | 4 | Qualitative44–46 48 | |
| Distance between clinic and home | 4 |
39 47/Qualitative,45
Predictive model37 | |
| Personality | 3 | Psychological test31 | Qualitative46 48 |
| Weather | 3 | Qualitative,44 45
Predictive model37 | |
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; ER, emergency room; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride.