Hospitalizations among persons with diabetes | Hospitalizations among persons without diabetes | Association between diabetes and hospitalization rates IRR (95% CI)* | P value of interaction† | |||
n (%) | n (%) | Total study population | Men | Women | P value | |
Total count of hospitalizations | 230 432 (100) | 965 193 (100) | 1.17 (1.12 to 1.22) | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.21) | 1.19 (1.13 to 1.26) | 0.060 |
CVD | 36 888 (16.0) | 137 825 (14.3) | 1.44 (1.41 to 1.48) | 1.46 (1.41 to 1.51) | 1.43 (1.38 to 1.48) | 0.055 |
CAD | 11 318 (4.9) | 38 189 (4.0) | 1.57 (1.51 to 1.64) | 1.52 (1.43 to 1.62) | 1.62 (1.53 to 1.70) | 0.334 |
AMI | 6057 (2.6) | 19 694 (2.1) | 1.72 (1.64 to 1.80) | 1.60 (1.50 to 1.72) | 1.82 (1.71 to 1.94) | 0.021 |
Heart failure | 7275 (3.2) | 22 194 (2.3) | 1.92 (1.82 to 2.04) | 1.87 (1.74 to 2.01) | 1.96 (1.79 to 2.14) | 0.622 |
Stroke | 4841 (2.1) | 21 438 (2.2) | 1.23 (1.16 to 1.31) | 1.22 (1.10 to 1.35) | 1.24 (1.14 to 1.35) | 0.806 |
Lung diseases | 17 674 (7.7) | 91 760 (9.5) | 0.97 (0.94 to 1.00) | 0.95 (0.91 to 1.00) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) | 0.025 |
Pneumonia | 9101 (3.9) | 45 772 (4.7) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.07) | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) | 0.920 |
Fractures | 7058 (3.1) | 52 252 (5.4) | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.82) | 0.76 (0.72 to 0.80) | 0.81 (0.78 to 0.84) | 0.020 |
Hip fracture | 3828 (1.7) | 28 846 (3.0) | 0.80 (0.77 to 0.83) | 0.74 (0.69 to 0.79) | 0.84 (0.80 to 0.88) | 0.001 |
Vertebral fracture | 1297 (0.6) | 9458 (1.0) | 0.82 (0.76 to 0.87) | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.98) | 0.78 (0.72 to 0.85) | 0.074 |
Cancer | 16 563 (7.2) | 98 404 (10.2) | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.82) | 0.78 (0.74 to 0.82) | 0.82 (0.77 to 0.86) | 0.019 |
Kidney diseases | 13 691 (5.9) | 45 885 (4.8) | 1.54 (1.44 to 1.64) | 1.41 (1.26 to 1.58) | 1.65 (1.53 to 1.78) | 0.013 |
Kidney failure | 6887 (3.0) | 16 456 (1.7) | 2.07 (1.82 to 2.36) | 1.82 (1.48 to 2.25) | 2.28 (1.94 to 2.68) | 0.062 |
Infections | 5940 (2.6) | 24 291 (2.5) | 1.26 (1.21 to 1.30) | 1.21 (1.15 to 1.27) | 1.31 (1.24 to 1.38) | 0.012 |
Sepsis | 2698 (1.2) | 10 704 (1.1) | 1.28 (1.21 to 1.34) | 1.16 (1.09 to 1.24) | 1.43 (1.33 to 1.54) | 0.001 |
Diabetes | 5012 (2.2) | |||||
Diabetes complications | 3169 (1.4) |
*Incidence rate ratio estimated using log-binomial regression models with count of hospitalizations within each disease group as outcome and diabetes as a binary independent variable with ‘no diabetes’ as reference. All models are adjusted for age and calendar year. Additional adjustment for gender in model for the total study population.
†P value for interaction term between gender and diabetes as a test for difference in strength of association between diabetes and risk of hospitalization.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVD, cardio vascular disease.