Factors associated with diabetes incidence by ethnicity, Cox proportional hazards analysis
| Variables | South Asians | Pima |
| HRR (95% CI) | HRR (95% CI) | |
| Age (per 10 years) | 1.21 (0.97 to 1.51) | 1.22 (1.08 to 1.39) |
| Sex (men) | 1.13 (0.87 to 1.47) | 0.85 (0.70 to 1.02) |
| BMI (per unit) | 1.11 (1.08 to 1.14) | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) |
| Family history of diabetes (Yes) | 2.02 (1.56 to 2.61) | 1.15 (0.94 to 1.40) |
| Log HOMA-IR (per SD) | 2.86 (2.28 to 3.58) | 4.40 (3.49 to 5.56) |
| Log HOMA-B (per SD) | 0.35 (0.28 to 0.44) | 0.34 (0.26 to 0.43) |
BMI, body mass index; HOMA-B, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell dysfunction; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of Insulin resistance; HRR, Hazard rate ratio.