Annual trends in hospitalization rates in persons with and without pharmacologically treated diabetes, stratified by primary diagnosis (n=1 195 625)
| Persons with diabetes | Persons without diabetes | P value of interaction* | |
| IRR per year (95% CI) | IRR per year (95% CI) | P value | |
| Overall hospitalizations | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.03) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.158 |
| CVD | 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.98) | 0.591 |
| CAD | 0.93 (0.92 to 0.95) | 0.94 (0.93 to 0.95) | 0.494 |
| AMI | 0.93 (0.92 to 0.94) | 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95) | 0.853 |
| Heart failure | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.02) | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.00) | 0.773 |
| Stroke | 0.95 (0.92 to 0.99) | 0.95 (0.94 to 0.97) | 0.905 |
| Lung diseases | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.03) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.175 |
| Pneumonia | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.04) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.00) | 0.009 |
| Fractures | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.99 (1.01 to 1.01) | 0.298 |
| Hip fracture | 0.99 (0.97 to 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98 to 0.99) | 0.789 |
| Vertebral fracture | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.01) | 0.98 (0.97 to 0.99) | 0.904 |
| Cancer | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04) | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 0.090 |
| Kidney diseases | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.05) | 0.863 |
| Kidney failure | 1.00 (0.96 to 1.05) | 1.00 (0.97 to 1.03) | 0.861 |
| Infections | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99) | 0.96 (0.96 to 0.97) | 0.223 |
| Sepsis | 0.91 (0.89 to 0.93) | 0.88 (0.87 to 0.89) | 0.057 |
IRR was estimated using negative binomial regression with calendar year as a continuous variable and adjustment for age and gender.
*Significance test for interaction term between calendar year as a continuous variable and diabetes as a binary variable as indication of for difference in trends between persons with and without pharmacologically treated diabetes.
AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVD, cardio vascular disease; IRR, incidence risk ratio.