Baseline | Month 12 | |||||
FBA | CC | RC | FBA | CC | RC | |
Energy (kcal) | 1636 (1321–2136) n=42 | 1513* (1328–1906) n=41 | 1821* (1472–2447) n=41 | 0 (–156–216) n=42 | −148 (–329–50) n=41 | −94 (–555–85) n=41 |
Carbohydrates (g) | 167† (131–222) n=42 | 177* (126–207) n=41 | 202†* (159–202) n=41 | 0 (–26–17) n=42 | −14 (–54–7) n=41 | −15 (–64–15) n=41 |
Protein (g) | 71 (61–88) n=42 | 67* (56–82) n=41 | 80* (66–106) n=41 | 0 (–6–12) n=42 | −4 (–13–4) n=41 | −4 (–23–6) n=41 |
Fat (g) | 65 (49–87) n=42 | 55* (48–73) n=41 | 64* (55–95) n=41 | 0‡ (–2–14) n=42 | −5‡ (–12–4) n=41 | −3 (–18–7) n=41 |
SFA (g) | 25 (17–33) n=42 | 21 (19–29) n=41 | 24 (19–34) n=41 | 0 (–6–3) n=42 | –2 (–4–3) n=41 | −2 (–8–1) n=41 |
MUFA (g) | 24‡ (18–32) n=42 | 20‡* (18–27) n=41 | 24* (21–33) n=41 | 0‡† (–1–5) n=42 | −2‡ (–5–2) n=41 | −1† (–8–2) n=41 |
PUFA (g) | 11 (7–15) n=42 | 10 (8–15) n=41 | 12 (9–18) n=41 | 2‡† (0–5) n=42 | 0‡ (–3–1) n=41 | −1† (–4–2) n=41 |
n-3 (g) | 0.2 (0.2–0.5) n=42 | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) n=41 | 0.2 (0.1–0.5) n=41 | 0.0 (–0.1–0.1) n=42 | 0.0 (–0.2–0.0) n=41 | 0.0 (–0.1–0.1) n=41 |
Sucrose (g) | 26 (17–36) n=42 | 27 (19–40) n=41 | 30 (19–45) n=41 | 0† (–3–10) n=42 | 0 (–7–3) n=41 | −2† (–16–2) n=41 |
Fiber (g) | 21† (15–25) n=42 | 19 (14–27) n=41 | 23† (18–23) n=41 | 0‡ (–3–7) n=42 | −2‡ (–6–0) n=41 | 0 (–7–2) n=41 |
Wholegrain (g) | 49 (26–73) n=42 | 54 (28–74) n=40 | 65 (39–99) n=41 | 0 (–16–14) n=42 | −5 (–27–8) n=40 | 8 (–23–20) n=41 |
Legumes (portions/day) | 0.0 (0.0–0.2) n=42 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) n=47 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3) n=50 | 0.3 (0.0–0.5)‡† n=42 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3)‡ n=47 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3)† n=50 |
Nuts, seeds and almond (portions/day) | 0.3 (0.0–0.6) n=42 | 0.5* (0.0–0.9) n=47 | 0.1* (0.0–0.5) n=50 | 0.2‡† (0.0–0.8) n=42 | 0.0 (−0.4–0.0)‡ n=46 | 0.0 (0.0–0.3)† n=50 |
Vegetables and root vegetables (portions/day) | 2.1 (1.4–2.3) n=42 | 1.8 (1.0–2.3) n=47 | 2.0 (1.0–2.9) n=49 | 1.8 (0.0–9.2)‡† n=42 | 0.0 (–4.4–5.3)‡ n=47 | 0.0 (–5.3–0.9)† n=49 |
Fruit and berries (portions/day) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) n=42 | 1.3 (0.8–1.8) n=46 | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) n=50 | 0.1 (0.0–0.7) n=42 | 0.0 (–0.4–0.4) n=46 | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) n=50 |
Fish (portions/day) | 0.4 (0.2–0.5) n=42 | 0.3 (0.0–0.5) n=47 | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) n=50 | 0.0 (–0.1–0.3) n=42 | 0.0 (–0.3–0.3) n=47 | 0.0 (–0.2–0.3) n=50 |
Wholegrain products (portions/day) | 2.0 (1.3–3.0) n=42 | 1.5 (1.0–2.8) n=47 | 2.0 (1.0–3.1) n=50 | −1.8 (–7.0–0.0) n=42 | 0.0 (–5.3–0.0) n=47 | 0.0 (–5.7–0.0) n=50 |
Baseline data and differences in dietary intake between groups in FAS analysis expressed in medians and quartiles 1 and 3 at baseline and after 12 months.
*CC versus RC p≤0.05.
†FBA versus RC p<0.05.
‡FBA versus CC p<0.05.
CC, carbohydrate counting; FAS, full analysis set; FBA, food-based advice; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; RC, routine care; SFA, saturated fatty acid.