Non-exposed (1975 and later) | Fetal-exposed (1959–1962) | Childhood-exposed (1949–1958) | Adolescence/adult-exposed (1921–1948) | Non-exposed (1963–1974) | |
Age in 2014 | ≤39 | 52–55 | 56–65 | 66–93 | 40–51 |
n | 256 | 232 | 586 | 214 | 611 |
Men, % | 43.0 | 42.7 | 43.5* | 50.5* | 37.8 |
Current smoker, % | 14.3 | 22.3 | 24.2* | 23.4 | 19.4 |
Rural/urban residence, % | 34.8/65.2* | 65.5/34.5* | 77.5/22.5* | 71.5/28.5* | 53.2/46.8 |
BMI category, % | |||||
Overweight | 22.6* | 24.9 | 22.1 | 27.8 | 26.6 |
Obesity | 21.4* | 41.8* | 40.8* | 34.9 | 32.6 |
Hypertension, % | 12.4* | 40.8* | 54.3* | 67.1* | 26.3 |
Dyslipidemia, % | 17.2 | 31.9* | 32.8* | 29.0* | 20.8 |
FPG, mmol/L | 5.1±0.5* | 5.5±0.6* | 5.6±0.6* | 5.6±0.5* | 5.3±0.5 |
HbA1c, % | 5.0±0.4* | 5.3±0.5* | 5.3±0.4* | 5.4±0.4* | 5.1±0.5 |
SBP, mm Hg | 117±15* | 130±19* | 134±20* | 141±20* | 125±18 |
DBP, mm Hg | 73±11* | 80±13* | 80±13* | 79±12 | 78±13 |
TG, mmol/L | 1.05 (0.77–1.55) | 1.41 (1.03–2.02) | 1.39 (0.99–1.88) | 1.25 (0.95–1.67) | 1.18 (0.87–1.71) |
LDL, mmol/L | 2.65±0.62* | 3.07±0.81* | 3.02±0.69* | 2.94±0.71 | 2.86±0.63 |
HDL, mmol/L | 1.40±0.28* | 1.46±0.31 | 1.48±0.32 | 1.49±0.34 | 1.48±0.30 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean±SD for variables of normal distribution and as median (IQR) for variables of skewed distribution. Categorical variables are described as percentages.
The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance were used for continuous variables with skewed distribution and normal distribution, and the Pearson’s χ2 test was used for categorical variables.
*P<0.05, significantly different from that in the non-exposed group (1963–1974).
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides.