Table 1

Study design, type of data source and treatment*

Type of hypoglycemiaNot definedNon-severeSevereBothNocturnal†Total
(n=14)(n=40)(n=113)(n=76)(n=41)(n=243)
Study design
 Cross-sectional0 (0)15 (37.5)18 (15.9)20 (26.3)8 (19.5)53 (21.8)
 Prospective cohort5 (35.7)14 (35.0)38 (33.6)42 (55.3)31 (75.6)99 (40.7)
 Retrospective case–control0 (0)0 (0)1 (0.9)1 (1.3)0 (0)2 (0.8)
 Retrospective cohort9 (64.3)11 (27.5)56 (49.6)13 (17.1)2 (4.9)89 (36.6)
Type of data source
 Administrative data5 (35.7)3 (7.5)33 (29.2)4 (5.3)0 (0)45 (18.5)
 EHR3 (21.4)3 (7.5)12 (10.6)9 (11.8)0 (0)27 (11.1)
 Interview0 (0)1 (2.5)2 (1.8)3 (3.9)1 (2.4)6 (2.5)
 Registry2 (14.3)5 (12.5)19 (16.8)2 (2.6)0 (0)28 (11.5)
 Study cohort4 (28.6)15 (37.5)34 (30.1)42 (55.3)33 (80.5)95 (39.1)
 Survey0 (0)13 (32.5)13 (11.5)16 (21.1)7 (17.1)42 (17.3)
Type of treatment
 Not specified7 (50)10 (25.0)42 (37.2)17 (22.4)3 (17.6)76 (31.3)
 Insulin4 (28.6)17 (42.5)41 (36.3)33 (43.4)36 (87.8)95 (39.1)
 Sulfonylurea0 (0)1 (2.5)7 (6.2)9 (11.8)0 (0)17 (7)
 Insulin+SU1 (7.1)2 (5.0)10 (8.8)3 (3.9)0 (0)16 (6.6)
 Other (TZD, DPP-4, GLP1 and SGLT-2)1 (7.1)6 (15.0)8 (7.1)7 (9.2)0 (0)22 (9.1)
 Insulin+other (TZD, DPP-4, GLP1 and SGLT-2)1 (7.1)2 (5.0)3 (2.7)3 (3.9)2 (4.9)9 (3.7)
 SU+others (TZD, DPP-4, GLP1 and SGLT-2)0 (0)2 (5.0)2 (1.8)4 (5.3)0 (0)8 (3.3)
  • *Data are presented as number (percentage) unless specified otherwise.

  • †Studies that reported nocturnal hypoglycemia were the same studies that evaluated severe and/or non-severe episodes and therefore were not included in the statistical analysis.

  • DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor; EHR, electronic health record; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; SGLT-2, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor; SU, sulfonylurea; TZD, thiazolidinedione.