Table 3

Management activities by HbA1c status

NHANES variables	<7.0 (n=264) (%)	≥7.0 (n=201) (%)	Total (N=465) (%)	P value
Physical activity				0.23
None	39.53	45.38	42.06
Some or recommended level	27.23	28.56	27.81
Exceeds recommended level	33.24	26.06	30.13
Weight loss in the past year	45.32	41.85	43.82	0.46
Self-monitoring of blood glucose, >1 × a day	42.32	50.17	45.73	0.09
Low-salt/low-sodium diet or reducing salt/sodium	74.42	64.74	70.21	0.02
Diabetic diet	14.69	28.44	20.64	0.0003
Changed eating habits for weight	13.18	15.78	14.30	0.43
Non-adherent: told to take medicine and is not now taking	5.69	9.90	7.51	0.09
Diabetes education (<5 years) or dietitian/nutritionist	52.44	60.16	55.78	0.10
Low-sugar diet or ate less candy for weight	16.19	20.02	17.85	0.28
Low-carbohydrate diet or reducing carbohydrate for weight	17.32	15.47	16.52	0.59
Low-calorie diet or lower calorie for weight	21.59	13.93	18.28	0.03
Eating more fruits, vegetables, salads for weight	21.09	18.25	19.86	0.45
Low-fat diet or less fat for weight	20.18	14.76	17.83	0.13
Ate less food for weight	41.41	41.10	41.27	0.95
Skipped meals for weight	8.18	9.41	8.71	0.64

HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.