Clinical characteristics of patients with type 1 diabetes according to the history of any fracture or fall-related fracture
| Any fracture | Fall-related fracture | |||||
| (−) | (+) | P value | (−) | (+) | P value | |
| N | 324 | 64 | 340 | 48 | ||
| Age (years) | 45.3±14.7 | 44.9±16.9 | 0.82 | 45.2±14.8 | 46.2±17.0 | 0.63 |
| Female sex (%) | 63.0 | 46.9 | 0.02 | 61.2 | 54.2 | 0.35 |
| Onset of diabetes (years) | 30.2±15.7 | 21.0±14.4 | <0.001 | 29.8±15.8 | 20.8±14.3 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 15.2±10.5 | 24.0±9.4 | <0.001 | 15.4±10.4 | 25.6±9.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5±3.3 | 23.4±3.7 | 0.04 | 22.6±3.3 | 23.0±3.8 | 0.36 |
| Weight loss (%) | 10.6±14.3 | 8.9±11.8 | 0.39 | 10.6±14.4 | 8.3±9.0 | 0.13 |
| Current smoker (%) | 13.6 | 23.4 | 0.04 | 14.4 | 20.8 | 0.25 |
| Current drinker (%) | 13.6 | 17.2 | 0.45 | 12.9 | 22.9 | 0.06 |
| Exercise habit (%) | 60.6 | 59.4 | 0.86 | 61.0 | 56.3 | 0.53 |
| Fall in the past 12 months (%) | 21.3 | 31.3 | 0.09 | 20.9 | 37.5 | 0.01 |
| Family history of hip fracture (%) | 3.1 | 4.7 | 0.52 | 3.0 | 6.3 | 0.24 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.7±0.9 | 7.6±0.9 | 0.42 | 7.7±1.0 | 7.7±0.8 | 0.96 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 61.1±10.2 | 60.0±10.2 | 0.42 | 60.9±10.4 | 61.0±9.0 | 0.96 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 88.7±19.3 | 87.4±19.4 | 0.63 | 88.7±19.1 | 87.4±20.4 | 0.68 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.0±0.3 | 4.0±0.4 | 0.90 | 4.0±0.3 | 4.0±0.3 | 0.94 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 113±12 | 115±10 | 0.13 | 113±12 | 115±10 | 0.14 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 66±8 | 66±7 | 0.95 | 66±8 | 66±7 | 0.80 |
| Hypertension (%) | 10.5 | 14.1 | 0.41 | 10.6 | 14.6 | 0.41 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 17.6 | 15.6 | 0.70 | 17.7 | 14.6 | 0.60 |
| History of severe hypoglycemia (%) | 37.0 | 65.6 | <0.001 | 38.5 | 64.6 | <0.001 |
| Diabetic complication | ||||||
| Neuropathy (%) | 20.7 | 31.3 | 0.06 | 20.9 | 33.3 | 0.053 |
| Diabetic retinopathy (%) | 29.9 | 51.6 | <0.001 | 30.3 | 56.3 | <0.001 |
| DKD (%) | 17.0 | 25.0 | 0.13 | 16.8 | 29.2 | 0.04 |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 1.5 | 4.7 | 0.11 | 1.5 | 6.3 | 0.03 |
Values are expressed as means±SD or percentages.
BMI, body mass index; DKD, diabetic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rates; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.