Group (n) | Healthy controls | Metabolic syndrome | T2D | P value |
ATP III 0–1 | ATP III 3–5 | Any ATP III | ||
(n=11) | (n=21) | (n=14) | ||
Female gender, n (%) | 9 (82) | 14 (67) | 7 (50) | 0.24* |
Age (years) (mean±SD) | 41±10 | 43±9,6 | 48±8,8 | 0.17 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) (mean±SD) | 29.7±8 | 38.2±7.5 | 37.6±5.3 | 0.0066*†‡ |
Waist circumference (cm) (mean±SD) | 87±14 | 105±13 | 106±13 | 0.0009*†‡ |
Hypertension, n (%) | 0 (0) | 12 (50) | 5 (36) | 0.01* |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 2 (18) | 12 (57) | 9 (64) | 0.05* |
Statins (%) | 0/2 (0) | 1/12 (8) | 7/9 (78) | 0.006* |
Glycemia (mg/dL) (mean±SD) | 83±6 | 92±8 | 118±32 | <0.0001‡§ |
Insulinemia (U/mL) (mean±SD) | 9.7±3.6 | 17.9±7.8 | 20±10.5 | 0.0069†‡ |
HOMA-IR (mean±SD) | 1.99±0.8 | 4±1.7 | 5.8±3.2 | 0.003†‡§ |
HbA1c (%) (mean±SD) | 5.1±0.3 | 5.6±0.3 | 6.7±1.2 | <0.0001‡§ |
OGIS120 (mean±SD) | 444±56 | 330±71 | 312±52 | <0.0001†‡ |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) (mean±SD) | 177±32 | 197±54 | 168±43 | 0.18 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) (mean±SD) | 54±13 | 41±11 | 42±11 | 0.006†‡ |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) (mean±SD) | 105±30 | 123±44 | 96±36 | 0.12 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) (mean±SD) | 86±26 | 166±82 | 175±102 | 0.01†‡ |
ATP III criteria (mean±SD) | 0.7±0.47 | 3.6±0.59 | 3.6±0.76 | <0.001†‡ |
hsCRP (mg/L) (mean±SD) | 1.3±0.6 | 6.6±4.3 | 6.7±4.7 | 0.01†‡ |
Statistical analysis performed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post-test to compare pairs of groups.
*Denotes χ2 statistical analysis. Significant difference was considered when the p value is <0.05.
†Denotes significant difference between ATP III 0–1 vs ATP III 3–5.
‡Denotes significant difference between ATP III 0–1 vs T2D.
§Denotes significant difference between ATP III 3–5 vs T2D.
ATP III, Adult Treatment Panel III; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OGIS120, Oral Glucose Sensitivity; T2D, type 2 diabetes.