Demographic variables and cardiometabolic health outcomes among adolescents with type 2 diabetes stratified according to participation in vigorous-intensity physical activity
| Variable | No vigorous-intensity physical activity | Vigorous-intensity physical activity | P value |
| n | 97 | 67 | |
| Female, n (%) | 67 (69.1) | 46 (68.7) | 1.000 |
| Rural, n (%) | 79 (81.4) | 49 (73.1) | 0.284 |
| Indigenous, n (%) | 94 (96.9) | 56 (83.6) | 1.00 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 36 (37.1) | 11 (16.4) | 0.007 |
| Mean age (years) | 15.32 (2.79) | 14.81 (2.08) | 0.210 |
| Median duration of diabetes (years) | 2.50 (1.53–4.63) | 2.53 (1.07–3.96) | 0.324 |
| Mean BMI Z-score | 2.31 (1.07) | 2.53 (1.09) | 0.191 |
| Mean HbA1c (%) | 10.0 (2.42) | 9.01 (2.74) | 0.016 |
| Mean 24-hour SBP (mm Hg) | 126.0 (9.3) | 122.9 (10.1) | 0.05 |
| Mean 24-hour DBP (mm Hg) | 73.2 (5.5) | 70.0 (6.1) | <0.001 |
| Mean 24-hour MAP (mm Hg) | 90.3 (6.1) | 87.3 (6.1) | 0.003 |
| Median daytime systolic load (%) | 28.1 (15.4–55.3) | 23.6 (9.0–48.2) | 0.189 |
| Median daytime diastolic load (%) | 15.9 (6.8–25.8) | 10.10 (3.7–20.8) | 0.052 |
| Mean night-time systolic load | 55.7 (32.4) | 43.87 (31.2) | 0.030 |
| Mean LDL (mmol/L) | 2.38 (0.77) | 2.36 (0.56) | 0.850 |
| Mean HDL (mmol/L) | 1.18 (0.38) | 1.17 (0.28) | 0.841 |
| Median triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.40 (1.00–2.70) | 1.60 (1.00–2.10) | 0.901 |
| Physical activity (MET-hour/week) | 34.3 (13.4–80.6) | 62.4 (37.7–121.4) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean (SD) for normally distributed variables and median (IQR) for non-normally distributed variables.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MET, metabolic equivalent; SBP, systolic blood pressure.