Demographic results for the development studies (Abbott, Crawford, Monteiro-Soares, Pham)16–19 and the validation study (Leese)10 20
| Study | Age (years) mean±SD | Duration of diabetes (years) mean±SD | Men, N (%) |
| Abbott | 61.3±13.2 | 8.2±8.2 | 3515 (53.2) |
| Crawford | 70.5±10.0 | 8.8±8.4 | 611 (51.2) |
| Monteiro-Soares | 64.3±10.4 | 15.8±10.4 | 164 (45.6) |
| Pham | 58.3±12.5 | 13.9±10.8 | 124 (50.0) |
| All development | 62.7±13.1 | 8.8±8.6 | 4414 (52.5) |
| Leese | 65.1±13.1 | 6.8±7.8 | 1931 (56.6) |