Characteristics of patients aged >75 years with HI/NPH vs BIA at baseline
| Propensity-matched variables at baseline | ||||||
| Entire cohort | PS-matched cohort | |||||
| HI/NPH n=5583 | BIA n=4018 | Standardized difference, % | HI/NPH n=4011 | BIA n=4011 | Standardized difference, % | |
| Age, years | 80.6±4.2 | 80.3±4.2 | −6.1 | 80.3±4.1 | 80.3±4.1 | 0.6 |
| Male, % | 40.0 | 50.0 | −5.7 | 47.0 | 50.0 | 0.0 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.8±5.3 | 29.0±5.4 | 2.2 | 29.0±5.3 | 28.9±5.4 | −1.8 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 12.0±9.9 | 11.8±10.1 | −1.3 | 11.9±9.9 | 11.8±10.1 | −1.0 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.5±2.1 | 8.6±2.1 | 4.5 | 8.6±2.2 | 8.6±2.1 | 2.0 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 69.9±23.4 | 71.0±23.4 | 70.4±23.5 | 70.9±23.2 | ||
| Other variables at baseline | ||||||
| Entire cohort | PS-matched cohort | |||||
| HI/NPH n=5583 | BIA n=4018 | P value | HI/NPH n=4011 | BIA n=4011 | P value | |
| Bodyweight, kg | 79.4±15.9 | 80.6±16.3 | 0.003 | 80.2±15.9 | 80.6±16.2 | 1.000 |
| FBG, mmol | 10.6±5.9 | 10.7±5.6 | 0.496 | 10.6±5.9 | 10.8±5.6 | 0.423 |
| Risk factors | ||||||
| Number of medications, n | 3.7±2.3 | 4.3±2.5 | <0.001 | 3.7±2.3 | 4.3±2.5 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 71.2 | 73.5 | 0.100 | 71.0 | 73.5 | 0.125 |
| BMI >30 kg/m2, % | 36.1 | 37.9 | 0.496 | 37.6 | 37.8 | 1.000 |
| Dyslipidemia,% | 86.0 | 89.3 | <0.001 | 85.9 | 89.3 | 0.001 |
| Smokers, % | 3.6 | 3.4 | 1.000 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 1.000 |
| Functional status | ||||||
| Care dependency, % | 5.5 | 7.2 | 0.090 | 5.2 | 7.1 | 0.055 |
| Polypharmacy (>10 medications), % | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.049 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.261 |
| Diabetes management program, % | 36.4 | 37.8 | 0.809 | 37.1 | 37.9 | 1.000 |
| Mental status, % | ||||||
| Dementia | 8.0 | 8.8 | 0.827 | 7.9 | 8.8 | 1.000 |
| Depression | 6.6 | 8.4 | 0.007 | 6.5 | 8.4 | 0.014 |
| Comorbidities, % | ||||||
| Cancer | 5.0 | 5.8 | 0.809 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 1.000 |
| Microvascular disease* | 85.2 | 83.6 | 0.225 | 85.3 | 83.6 | 0.352 |
| Macrovascular disease† | 44.5 | 44.3 | 1.000 | 44.6 | 44.4 | 1.000 |
Data are presented as mean±SD or %.
Bold numbers indicate p-values <0.05.
*Includes any form of retinopathy, blindness, nephropathy, renal failure, dialysis or neuropathy.
†Includes transient ischemic attack/prolonged reversible ischemic neurologic deficit, stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease.
BIA, basal insulin analog; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HI, human insulin; NPH, neutral protamine Hagedorn; PS, propensity score.