% change in eGFR per year | Multivariate model 1 | Multivariate model 2 | Multivariate model 3 | Multivariate model 4 | ||||||||
Values available (%) | 3848/4464 (86.2) | 3733/4464 (83.6) | 2936/4464 (65.7) | 2908/4464 (65.1) | ||||||||
R-squared (adjusted), % | 13.13 | 10.36 | 9.80 | 17.55 | ||||||||
Variable | Coeff | 95% CI | P value | Coeff | 95% CI | P value | Coeff | 95% CI | P value | Coeff | 95% CI | P value |
Constant | −4.80 | −5.73 to −3.86 | <0.001 | −1.58 | −3 to −0.16 | 0.03 | −1.66 | −2.14 to −1.18 | <0.001 | −2.02 | −3.69 to −0.36 | 0.017 |
LNuACR (mg/mmol) | −0.55 | −0.62 to −0.48 | <0.001 | −0.36 | −0.47 to −0.24 | <0.001 | ||||||
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 0.01 | 0.01 to 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0 to 0.02 | 0.003 | ||||||
Baseline eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.20 | 0.16 to 0.25 | <0.001 | |||||||||
ALP (U/L) | −0.01 | −0.01 to 0 | <0.001 | −0.01 | −0.01 to 0 | 0.001 | ||||||
ALT (U/L) | 0.01 | 0.01 to 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0 to 0.02 | 0.036 | ||||||
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | −0.03 | −0.13 to 0.07 | 0.557 | −0.11 | −0.24 to 0.02 | 0.103 | ||||||
HDL (mmol/L) | 0.72 | 0.48 to 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.54 | 0.26 to 0.83 | <0.001 | ||||||
Free T4 (pmol/L) | −0.02 | −0.06 to 0.01 | 0.206 | −0.04 | −0.08 to 0 | 0.081 | ||||||
TSH (mIU/L) | −0.08 | −0.12 to −0.04 | <0.001 | −0.07 | −0.12 to −0.02) | 0.006 | ||||||
Age (per 10 years) | −0.29 | −0.39 to −0.19 | <0.001 | −0.24 | −0.33 to −0.14 | <0.001 | ||||||
LN duration of DM (years) | −0.01 | −0.08 to 0.05 | 0.724 | |||||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | −0.01 | −0.02 to 0.01 | 0.572 | |||||||||
SBP (per 10 mm Hg) | −0.16 | −0.23 to −0.08 | <0.001 | −0.07 | −0.16 to 0.01 | 0.102 | ||||||
DBP (per 10 mm Hg) | 0.4 | 0.26 to 0.53 | <0.001 | 0.4 | 0.25 to 0.56 | <0.001 | ||||||
Number of antihypertensives | −0.56 | −0.67 to −0.44 | <0.001 | −0.35 | −0.48 to −0.23 | <0.001 | ||||||
Male | 0.15 | −0.07 to 0.36 | 0.181 | |||||||||
Non-Caucasian | −0.03 | −0.98 to 0.93 | 0.956 | |||||||||
Type 1 DM | 0.43 | −0.37 to 1.23 | 0.291 | |||||||||
Type 2 DM | 0.38 | −0.41 to 1.17 | 0.346 | |||||||||
ACEi/ARB | 0.6 | 0.31 to 0.89 | <0.001 | 0.52 | 0.2 to 0.84 | 0.002 | ||||||
Adj SD BMI | −0.02 | −0.14 to 0.1 | 0.7 | |||||||||
Adj SD SBP | −0.09 | −0.13 to −0.06 | <0.001 | −0.03 | −0.06 to 0 | 0.043 | ||||||
Adj SD DBP | −0.02 | −0.08 to 0.05 | 0.604 | |||||||||
Adj SD HbA1c | 0 | −0.02 to 0.02 | 0.697 | −0.02 | −0.04 to 0 | 0.067 | ||||||
LN adj SD uACR | −0.48 | −0.55 to −0.41 | <0.001 | −0.17 | −0.27 to −0.07 | 0.001 | ||||||
Adj SD cholesterol | −0.32 | −0.66 to 0.02 | 0.062 | −0.29 | −0.62 to 0.04 | 0.084 | ||||||
Adj SD HDL | 2.7 | 1.26 to 4.15 | <0.001 |
Multivariate model 1: relevant biochemical and urinary indices; multivariate model 2: relevant clinical indices; multivariate model 3: variability indices; multivariate model 4: stepwise regression using relevant biochemical, urinary, clinical and variability indices. Statistically significant p-values are highlighted in bold.
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; Adj SD, adjusted SD; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; Cholesterol, total cholesterol; Coeff, coefficient; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Free T4, thyroxine; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LN, log-normalized; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; uACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio.