Variable | Decliner (%) | uACR >3 mg/mmol | ||||
OR | P value | OR | P value | |||
Model 1 | 1099 vs 2759* | 1161 vs 2687* | ||||
LNuACR (mg/mmol) | 1.3 | (1.24, 1.36) | <0.001 | N/A | ||
% change per year in eGFR | N/A | 0.9 | (0.88, 0.92) | <0.001 | ||
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 0.99 | (0.99, 1) | 0.006 | 1.02 | (1.01, 1.02) | <0.001 |
Baseline eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.79 | (0.76, 0.82) | <0.001 | 0.82 | (0.79, 0.85) | <0.001 |
ALP (U/L) | 1 | (1, 1) | 0.049 | 1 | (1, 1.01) | <0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 0.99 | (0.99, 1) | 0.001 | 1 | (1, 1) | 0.669 |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.05 | (0.97, 1.13) | 0.195 | 1.06 | (0.99, 1.14) | 0.097 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 0.52 | (0.43, 0.64) | <0.001 | 0.69 | (0.57, 0.82) | <0.001 |
Free T4 (pmol/L) | 1.03 | (1, 1.05) | 0.059 | 0.99 | (0.96, 1.01) | 0.332 |
TSH (mIU/L) | 1.07 | (1.03, 1.11) | <0.001 | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.01) | 0.22 |
Model 2 | 1056 vs 2689* | 1277 vs 2971* | ||||
Age (per 10 years) | 1.38 | (1.28, 1.49) | <0.001 | 1.13 | (1.06, 1.21) | <0.001 |
LN duration of DM (years) | 1.02 | (1.01, 1.03) | 0.003 | 1.01 | (1, 1.02) | 0.09 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 1.02 | (0.97, 1.07) | 0.357 | 1.07 | (1.03, 1.13) | 0.002 |
SBP (per 10 mm Hg) | 1.05 | (1, 1.11) | 0.051 | 1.18 | (1.13, 1.24) | <0.001 |
DBP (per 10 mm Hg) | 0.82 | (0.74, 0.9) | <0.001 | 1.02 | (0.94, 1.12) | 0.58 |
Number of antihypertensives | 1.38 | (1.28, 1.48) | <0.001 | 1.31 | (1.22, 1.4) | <0.001 |
Male vs female | 0.89 | (0.76, 1.04) | 0.13 | 1.1 | (0.96, 1.27) | 0.182 |
Non-Caucasian vs Caucasian | 1.42 | (0.68, 2.97) | 0.346 | 1.31 | (0.71, 2.41) | 0.393 |
Type of DM (1 vs other) | 0.51 | (0.28, 0.92) | 0.073 | 0.82 | (0.46, 1.44) | 0.71 |
Type of DM (2 vs other) | 0.54 | (0.31, 0.94) | 0.88 | (0.51, 1.53) | ||
Type of DM (2 vs 1) | 1.05 | (0.8, 1.38) | 1.08 | (0.85, 1.37) | ||
ACEi/ARB (yes vs no) | 0.68 | (0.55, 0.84) | <0.001 | 0.92 | (0.76, 1.1) | 0.358 |
Model 3 | 859 vs 2085* | 983 vs 2258* | ||||
Adj SD BMI | 1.01 | (0.93, 1.09) | 0.841 | 0.99 | (0.92, 1.07) | 0.813 |
Adj SD SBP | 1.06 | (1.03, 1.08) | <0.001 | 1.09 | (1.07, 1.11) | <0.001 |
Adj SD DBP | 1.02 | (0.97, 1.06) | 0.461 | 1.03 | (0.99, 1.06) | 0.163 |
Adj SD HbA1c | 1.01 | (0.99, 1.02) | 0.287 | 1.02 | (1.01, 1.03) | <0.001 |
LN adj SD uACR | 1.37 | (1.3, 1.44) | <0.001 | N/A | ||
Adj SD cholesterol | 1.08 | (0.86, 1.35) | 0.525 | 1.08 | (0.88, 1.33) | 0.47 |
Adj SD HDL | 0.17 | (0.06, 0.48) | 0.001 | 0.38 | (0.15, 0.95) | 0.038 |
Model 4† | 848 vs 2067* | 907 vs 2175* | ||||
LNuACR (mg/mmol) | 1.13 | (1.04, 1.23) | 0.005 | N/A | ||
% change per year in eGFR | 0.92 | (0.9, 0.94) | <0.001 | |||
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 1.02 | (1.01, 1.02) | <0.001 | |||
Baseline eGFR (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.87 | (0.83, 0.92) | <0.001 | 0.83 | (0.8, 0.87) | <0.001 |
ALP (U/L) | 1 | (1, 1.01) | 0.002 | |||
ALT (U/L) | 0.99 | (0.98, 1) | 0.002 | |||
Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.15 | (1.05, 1.27) | 0.003 | 1.13 | (1.03, 1.24) | 0.009 |
HDL (mmol/L) | 0.6 | (0.47, 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.84 | (0.67, 1.04) | 0.115 |
Free T4 (pmol/L) | 1.04 | (1.01, 1.08) | 0.012 | 0.97 | (0.94, 1) | 0.067 |
TSH (mIU/L) | 1.05 | (1.01, 1.09) | 0.016 | 0.96 | (0.93, 1) | 0.042 |
Age (per 10 years) | 1.22 | (1.1, 1.35) | <0.001 | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 1.01 | (1, 1.03) | 0.098 | |||
SBP (per 10 mm Hg) | 1.16 | (1.11, 1.23) | <0.001 | |||
DBP (per 10 mm Hg) | 0.82 | (0.74, 0.91) | <0.001 | |||
Number of antihypertensives | 1.21 | (1.11, 1.32) | <0.001 | 1.13 | (1.04, 1.23) | 0.004 |
Male vs female | 1.03 | (1.02, 1.05) | <0.001 | |||
Type of DM (1 vs other) | 0.39 | (0.19, 0.77) | 0.026 | |||
Type of DM (2 vs other) | 0.44 | (0.23, 0.86) | ||||
Type of DM (2 vs 1) | 1.15 | (0.83, 1.59) | ||||
ACEi/ARB (yes vs no) | 0.8 | (0.62, 1.02) | 0.071 | 1.02 | (1, 1.03) | 0.009 |
Adj SD SBP | 1.28 | (1.06, 1.55) | 0.009 | |||
Adj SD HbA1c | 1.02 | (1.01, 1.04) | 0.006 | 1.24 | (0.99, 1.57) | 0.065 |
LN adj SD uACR | 1.18 | (1.1, 1.27) | <0.001 | N/A |
Multivariate model 1: relevant biochemical and urinary indices; multivariate model 2: relevant clinical indices; multivariate model 3: variability indices; multivariate model 4: stepwise regression using relevant biochemical, urinary, clinical and variability indices. In total, provided all data were available, 3894 and 4464 participants were eligible for inclusion in the decliner (%) and uACR >3 mg/mmol models, respectively. Statistically significant p-values are highlighted in bold.
*Event vs non-event.
†Includes all variables in models 1–3; non-significant variables in all three categories not listed.
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; Adj SD, adjusted SD; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; Cholesterol, total cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Free T4, thyroxine; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LN, log-normalized; N/A, not applicable; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; uACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio.