Table 1

Results of wearable sensor estimation of glucose and glucose variability RF-LOOCV models

MetricAbbreviationMean±SDRMSE
(mean±SD)
MAPE
(mean±SD)
Glucose Management IndicatorGMI6.05±0.240.26±0.134.31±2.14%
Interday Mean GlucoseMean114.46±9.98 mg/dL11.04±5.34 mg/dL9.76±4.99%
Interday Median GlucoseMedian111.69±9.65 mg/dL7.92±6.19 mg/dL7.13±5.63%
Interday SDSD20.26±4.27 mg/dL4.48±2.89 mg/dL22.68±14.92%
Interday Coefficient of VariationCV17.65±3.15%3.26±2.3%18.46±12.30%
Time Outside Range ±1 SDTOR2978.13±575.27 min453.13±321.51 min15.29±11.59%
Time Inside Range ±1 SDTIR8548.75±1079.58 min763.36±644.92 min9.37±8.93%
Interday Minimum GlucoseMinimum63.25±14.44 mg/dL17.12±8.24 mg/dL29.69±19.18%
Interday Maximum GlucoseMaximum201.44±26.73 mg/dL28.90±16.02 mg/dL14.53±8.28%
Interday Quartile 1 GlucoseQ1G101.31±8.34 mg/dL6.81±4.90 mg/dL6.79±5.06%
Interday Quartile 3 GlucoseQ3G123.19±11.27 mg/dL12.01±5.99 mg/dL9.92±5.37%
Mean of Glucose ExcursionsMGE122.40±13.56 mg/dL11.95±6.02 mg/dL9.91±5.27%
Mean of Intraday SDiSD Mean44.62±3.73 mg/dL2.82±3.12 mg/dL6.75±9.08%
SD of Intraday SDiSD SD29.89±1.80 mg/dL1.70±1.08 mg/dL5.78±3.79%
Median of Intraday SDiSD Median29.06±5.38 mg/dL4.16±3.92 mg/dL16.35±20.58%
Mean of Intraday Coefficient of VariationiCV Mean15.97±2.86 mg/dL2.99±2.14%19.14±14.00%
SD of Intraday Coefficient of VariationiCV SD4.04±1.38 mg/dL1.04±0.98%27.78±27.45%
Median of Intraday Coefficient of VariationiCV Median15.66±2.90 mg/dL3.07±2.03%20.24±13.58%
J-indexJ-index18.32±3.47 n.u.3.76±1.98 n.u.21.60±13.05%
Mean of Daily DifferencesMODD18.43±3.57 mg/dL2.66±2.27 mg/dL14.89±13.00%
Per cent Outside Range ±1 SDPOR25.78±3.19%3.06±2.23%12.38±10.55%
Per cent Inside Range ±1 SDPIR74.22±3.19%3.07±2.24%4.14±2.97%
Average Daily Risk RangeADRR11.81±3.26 n.u.2.90±2.62 n.u.26.66±26.52%
Continuous overall net glycemic action for 24 hoursCONGA249.69±2.58 n.u.2.29±2.09 n.u.23.02±16.34%
Mean of Normal GlucoseMGN111.92±9.53 mg/dL10.15±6.65 mg/dL9.22±6.26%
Low Blood Glucose IndexLBGI0.58±0.55 n.u.0.40±0.41 n.u.162.79±216.70%
High Blood Glucose IndexHBGI0.69±0.50 n.u.0.46±0.23 n.u.143.79±153.24%
  • LOOCV, leave-one-person-out cross-validation; MAPE, mean average per cent error; RMSE, root mean squared error.