Baseline characteristics according to percentage changes in UACR and annual changes in eGFR over 2 years
| Percentage change in UACR | Annual change in eGFR | ||||||
| Overall | Decline >30% | Minor change (decline ≤30% to increase ≤30%) | Increase >30% | Substantial decline (>5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) | Decline (2.5–5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) | Minor change (<2.5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) | |
| n | 1417 | 407 | 550 | 460 | 419 | 497 | 501 |
| Age, years | 60 (11) | 61 (11) | 60 (11) | 59 (12) | 59 (12) | 61 (11) | 59 (11) |
| Male, n (%) | 802 (57) | 213 (52) | 321 (58) | 268 (58) | 227 (54) | 283 (57) | 292 (58) |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 133 (9) | 34 (8) | 52 (9) | 47 (10) | 40 (10) | 54 (11) | 39 (8) |
| Systolic blood pressure | 132 (19) | 136 (20) | 132 (19) | 130 (19) | 134 (21) | 133 (20) | 131 (18) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 76 (11) | 77 (12) | 76 (11) | 75 (11) | 77 (12) | 76 (12) | 76 (11) |
| HbA1c, % | 8.1 (1.7) | 7.9 (1.6) | 8.0 (1.6) | 8.3 (1.8) | 8.4 (1.8) | 8.0 (1.5) | 7.8 (1.7) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 80 (25) | 80 (25) | 80 (25) | 79 (25) | 83 (30) | 77 (23) | 80 (20) |
| ≥90 | 446 (31) | 135 (33) | 173 (31) | 138 (30) | 174 (42) | 128 (26) | 144 (29) |
| 60–<90 | 706 (50) | 193 (47) | 286 (52) | 227 (49) | 151 (36) | 269 (54) | 286 (57) |
| 45–<60 | 147 (10) | 42 (10) | 41 (7) | 64 (14) | 49 (12) | 52 (10) | 46 (9) |
| 30–<45 | 80 (6) | 27 (7) | 31 (6) | 22 (5) | 29 (7) | 32 (6) | 19 (4) |
| <30 | 38 (3) | 10 (2) | 19 (3) | 9 (2) | 16 (4) | 16 (3) | 6 (1) |
| UACR (IQR), mg/g | 19 (9–86) | 36 (15–166) | 14 (8–55) | 17 (8–82) | 42 (13–690) | 17 (9–65) | 15 (8–42) |
| <30 | 848 (60) | 188 (46) | 373 (68) | 287 (62) | 192 (46) | 313 (63) | 343 (68) |
| 30–<300 | 359 (25) | 147 (36) | 98 (18) | 114 (25) | 96 (23) | 133 (27) | 130 (26) |
| ≥300 | 210 (15) | 72 (18) | 79 (14) | 59 (13) | 131 (31) | 51 (10) | 28 (6) |
| Percentage change in UACR (IQR), % | 0 (−34 to 58) | −52 (−69 to −39) | −2 (−18 to 11) | 101 (58 to 202) | 0 (−36 to 67) | −2.5 (−35 to 51) | 0 (−32 to 55) |
| Annual change in eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2/year | −3.7 (3.5) | −3.8 (3.1) | −3.6 (3.3) | −4.0 (4.0) | −7.7 (2.9) | −3.7 (0.7) | −0.5 (2.0) |
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; UACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio.