Association between type 2 diabetes and the 10-year cumulative incidence of chronic low back pain in the overall sample, women and men (Cox regression models)
| Population | HR | 95% CI | P value |
| Overall population | 1.23 | 1.13 to 1.35 | <0.001 |
| Women | 1.68 | 1.43 to 1.90 | <0.001 |
| Men | 0.83 | 0.71 to 0.97 | 0.019 |
Conditional Cox regression models were adjusted for hypertension, osteoarthritis, lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, spondylopathies, chronic coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, peripheral vascular disease, history of myocardial infarction, and history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.