Parameters at start and after 60 min of euglycemic and hypoglycemic clamps: before administering respective drugs during protocol 2
| Euglycemic clamp (first 60 min) | Hypoglycemic clamp (first 60 min) | |||||||
| Propionic acid | Placebo | Propionic acid | Placebo | |||||
| Preclamp | Clamp at 60 min | Preclamp | Clamp at 60 min | Preclamp | Clamp at 60 min | Preclamp | Clamp at 60 min | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 82.9 (1.6) | 90.1 (1.6)** | 85.9 (1.6) | 89.1 (1.6) | 84.5 (1.4) | 69.3 (1.4)*** | 83.3 (1.4) | 71.3 (1.4)*** |
| Insulin (μIU/mL) | 6.3 (2.6) | 42.2 (2.6)*** | 8.1 (2.6) | 43.1 (2.6)*** | 4.9 (1.4) | 40.5 (1.4)*** | 4.7 (1.4) | 38.7 (1.4)*** |
| Glucagon (pg/mL) | 61 (3) | 41 (3)** | 61 (3) | 48 (3)** | 72 (5) | 70 (5) | 66 (5) | 67 (5) |
| Norepinephrine (pg/mL) | 288 (28) | 282 (28) | 287 (28) | 320 (28) | 238 (19) | 262 (19) | 223 (19) | 277 (19)* |
| Epinephrine (pg/mL) | 32 (3) | 27 (3) | 31 (3) | 28 (3) | 30 (6) | 44 (6) | 34 (6) | 52 (6)* |
| EGP (µmol/kg/min) | 10.31 (0.31) | 7.40 (0.31)*** | 10.72 (0.31) | 7.52 (0.31)*** | 10.70 (0.34) | 7.89 (0.34)*** | 10.73 (0.34) | 7.95 (0.34)*** |
*p<0.05; **p<0.01, ***p<0.0001 comparing T=240 min (preclamp) with T=300 min (clamp at 60 min).
EGP, endogenous glucose production.