Demographics and baseline characteristics
| Demographics | All study participants | ||
| n | 27 | ||
| Women | 15 (56%) | ||
| Men | 12 (44%) | ||
| White | 18 (67%) | ||
| Black | 3 (11%) | ||
| Asian | 3 (11%) | ||
| Hispanic | 2 (7%) | ||
| Age (years) | 30 (9) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.7 (3.8) | ||
| HR (bpm) | 72 (15) | ||
| SBP (mm Hg) | 120 (13) | ||
| DBP (mm Hg) | 71 (13) | ||
| Placebo Study Visit | PA Study Visit | p-value* | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 84.6 (7.0) | 83.2 (5.8) | 0.27 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 6.9 (5.1) | 5.7 (3.1) | 0.26 |
| Glucagon (pg/mL) | 62 (13) | 63 (14) | 0.63 |
| Norepinephrine (pg/mL) | 256 (123) | 231 (80) | 0.14 |
| Epinephrine (pg/mL) | 30 (17) | 29 (13) | 0.57 |
| EGP (µmol/kg/min) | 10.6 (1.5) | 10.1 (1.2) | 0.12 |
*p values for baseline characteristics were calculated with paired t-tests. Data are reported as mean (SD) or n (%).
BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EGP, endogenous glucose production; HR, heart rate; PA, propionic acid; SBP, systolic blood pressure.