Patients’ characteristics by worsening kidney function
| Characteristics | No WKF, n (%) | WKF, n (%) | P value |
| n (total=10 251) | 9038 | 1213 | |
| Age (years) | 62.7±6.6 | 63.1±6.7 | 0.044 |
| Age >65 years | 3028 (33.5) | 424 (35.0) | 0.32 |
| Women | 3426 (37.9) | 526 (43.4) | <0.001 |
| History of CV disease | 3253 (36.0) | 482 (39.7) | 0.011 |
| Race | 0.005 | ||
| White | 5594 (61.9) | 799 (65.9) | |
| Black | 1767 (19.6) | 186 (15.3) | |
| Hispanic | 645 (7.1) | 92 (7.6) | |
| Other | 1032 (11.4) | 136 (11.2) | |
| Diabetes duration >10 years | 3713 (41.1) | 585 (48.2) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 6314 (69.9) | 851 (70.2) | 0.83 |
| Hypertension | 6776 (75.0) | 950 (78.3) | 0.011 |
| Smoking | 1274 (14.1) | 155 (12.8) | 0.21 |
| Waist circumference (high) | 6614 (73.2) | 927 (76.4) | 0.016 |
| Amputation of lower limb | 176 (1.9) | 41 (3.4) | 0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | <0.001 | ||
| ≤130 | 3462 (38.3) | 347 (28.6) | |
| 130–140 | 2319 (25.7) | 274 (22.6) | |
| >140 | 3257 (36.0) | 592 (48.8) | |
| HBA1c (%) | 8.3±1.0 | 8.5±1.1 | <0.001 |
| HBA1c >8% | 4659 (51.5) | 723 (59.6) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 89.3±22.5 | 104.1±47.5 | <0.001 |
| eGFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 4793 (53.0) | 503 (41.5) | <0.001 |
| UACR >30 mg/g | 2644 (29.3) | 560 (46.2) | <0.001 |
| Loop diuretics | 780 (8.7) | 173 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 2501 (27.8) | 329 (27.1) | 0.66 |
| ACEi/ARB | 6225 (69.1) | 877 (72.4) | 0.020 |
| CCBs | 1694 (18.8) | 268 (22.1) | 0.006 |
| Beta-blockers | 2688 (29.8) | 391 (32.3) | 0.083 |
| Biguanides | 5747 (63.6) | 807 (66.5) | 0.046 |
| Sulfonylureas | 4783 (52.9) | 691 (57.0) | 0.008 |
| Thiazolidinediones | 2018 (22.3) | 240 (19.8) | 0.045 |
| Insulin | 3120 (34.5) | 462 (38.1) | 0.014 |
| Statins | 5731 (63.7) | 769 (63.4) | 0.87 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 5103 (56.8) | 682 (56.3) | 0.75 |
High waist circumference: >88 cm for women and >102 cm for men.
CV disease includes prior hospitalization for heart failure.
WKF defined as >40% eGFR drop from baseline in at least two consecutive visits.
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; CCBs, calcium channel blockers; CV, cardiovascular; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HBA1c, glycated hemoglobin; UACR, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; WKF, worsening kidney function.