Reclassified single ZnT8A positives from the UNITED study (n=8)
| Patient number | Age of diagnosis bracket (years)* | Diabetes duration (years) | Current treatment† | Adjusted BMI† | HbA1c (mmol/mol)(%)† | UCPCR (nmol/mmol) | Duration at UCPCR (years) | ZnT8A titer (U/mL) | Duration at ZnT8A (years) |
| 1 | 10–15 | 3.8 | Insulin | 28.3 | 48 (6.5) | 0.79 | 3.8 | 56.6 | 4.2 |
| 2 | 10–15 | 14.8 | Insulin | 24.5 | 48 (6.5) | 0.29 | 14.8 | 54.1 | 15.1 |
| 3 | 15–20 | 0.2 | Insulin | 46.7 | 107 (11.9) | 2.02 | 0.2 | 52.4 | 0.1 |
| 4 | 15–20 | 5.9 | Insulin | 21.0 | 86 (10) | 0.21 | 5.9 | 35.9 | 6.0 |
| 5 | 25–30 | 1.0 | Tablet | 47.5 | 53 (7) | – | – | 32.7 | 1.0 |
| 6 | 20–25 | 1.2 | Insulin | 22.0 | 43 (6.1) | 0.98 | 3.0 | 26.6 | 3.1 |
| 7 | 25–30 | 0.9 | Tablet | – | 40 (5.8) | – | – | 24.9 | 1.0 |
| 8 | 25–30 | 0.2 | Tablet | 32.5 | 115 (12.7) | – | – | 17.2 | 0.0 |
Inclusion criteria were now negative for ZnT8A with new 99th centile cut-off and negative for glutamate decarboxylase and islet antigen-2 autoantibodies.
– indicates missing data.
For UCPCR, a result ≥0.6 indicates substantial endogenous insulin secretion.
ZnT8A titer: level of units of ZnT8A present in the serum.
*For reasons of patient anonymity.
†At latest follow-up.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; UCPCR, urinary C peptide to creatinine ratio; UNITED, Using pharmacogeNetics to Improve Treatment in Early-onset Diabetes; ZnT8A, zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies.