Table 3

The associations between quartiles of fatty acid concentrations and ratios with GDM diagnoses

N=853Total plasma*Ratio† of total plasma*
Median (μg/mL)No. cases (%)/nOR (95% CI)Median %No. cases (%)/nOR (95% CI)
SFA quartile
SFA-Q173622 (10.3)/2131.0031.736 (16.8)/2141.00
SFA-Q285528 (13.1)/2141.05 (0.55 to 1.99)33.029 (13.5)/2150.67 (0.37 to 1.22)
SFA-Q397033 (15.5)/2131.11 (0.58 to 2.13)34.034 (16.1)/2111.14 (0.64 to 2.03)
SFA-Q4114544 (20.7)/2131.69 (0.92 to 3.11)35.828 (13.1)/2130.76 (0.41 to 1.40)
P-trend0.0590.65
MUFA quartile
MUFA-Q154121 (9.9)/2131.0023.116 (7.5)/2131.00
MUFA-Q264621 (9.8)/2140.77 (0.39 to 1.53)25.019 (8.9)/2140.89 (0.42 to 1.87)
MUFA-Q375029 (13.6)/2130.87 (0.45 to 1.70)26.637 (17.4)/2131.82 (0.94 to 3.52)
MUFA-Q492556 (26.3)/2132.21 (1.22 to 3.99)29.055 (25.8)/2133.01 (1.16 to 5.67)
P-trend0.001<0.001
PUFA n-6 quartile
PUFA n-6-Q181226 (12.2)/2131.0032.241 (19.2)/2131.00
PUFA n-6-Q291626 (12.1)/2140.94 (0.49 to 1.81)34.636 (16.7)/2151.03 (0.58 to 1.81)
PUFA n-6-Q3100928 (13.1)/2131.02 (0.54 to 1.92)36.534 (16.0)/2121.08 (0.61 to 1.91)
PUFA n-6-Q4116147 (22.1)/2131.67 (0.94 to 2.99)38.916 (7.5)/2130.47 (0.24 to 0.94)
P-trend0.0460.065
PUFA n-3 quartile
PUFA n-3-Q19722 (10.3)/2131.003.831 (14.6)/2131.00
PUFA n-3-Q212034 (16.0)/2131.62 (0.85 to 3.07)4.437 (17.3)/2141.13 (0.63 to 2.02)
PUFA n-3-Q314035 (16.4)/2141.22 (0.64 to 2.34)5.033 (15.5)/2130.97 (0.53 to 1.79)
PUFA n-3-Q417336 (16.9)/2131.37 (0.72 to 2.59)5.926 (12.2)/2130.67 (0.35 to 1.25)
P-trend0.590.14
Total plasma concentration
Total FA-Q1223723 (10.8)/2131.00
Total FA-Q2257022 (10.3)/2140.74 (0.38 to 1.47)
Total FA-Q3288632 (15.0)/2131.10 (0.59 to 2.07)
Total FA-Q4332350 (23.5)/2131.76 (0.98 to 3.16)
P-trend0.014
  • Bold text indicates a statistically significant difference with a p-value ≤ 0.05.

  • *Adjusted for age, prepregnancy BMI, parity, weekly weight gain, smoking during pregnancy, family history of diabetes.

  • †Relative FA concentrations as a ratio of total FA.

  • BMI, body mass index; FA, fatty acids; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids.