The associations between quartiles of fatty acid concentrations and ratios with GDM diagnoses
| N=853 | Total plasma* | Ratio† of total plasma* | ||||
| Median (μg/mL) | No. cases (%)/n | OR (95% CI) | Median % | No. cases (%)/n | OR (95% CI) | |
| SFA quartile | ||||||
| SFA-Q1 | 736 | 22 (10.3)/213 | 1.00 | 31.7 | 36 (16.8)/214 | 1.00 |
| SFA-Q2 | 855 | 28 (13.1)/214 | 1.05 (0.55 to 1.99) | 33.0 | 29 (13.5)/215 | 0.67 (0.37 to 1.22) |
| SFA-Q3 | 970 | 33 (15.5)/213 | 1.11 (0.58 to 2.13) | 34.0 | 34 (16.1)/211 | 1.14 (0.64 to 2.03) |
| SFA-Q4 | 1145 | 44 (20.7)/213 | 1.69 (0.92 to 3.11) | 35.8 | 28 (13.1)/213 | 0.76 (0.41 to 1.40) |
| P-trend | 0.059 | 0.65 | ||||
| MUFA quartile | ||||||
| MUFA-Q1 | 541 | 21 (9.9)/213 | 1.00 | 23.1 | 16 (7.5)/213 | 1.00 |
| MUFA-Q2 | 646 | 21 (9.8)/214 | 0.77 (0.39 to 1.53) | 25.0 | 19 (8.9)/214 | 0.89 (0.42 to 1.87) |
| MUFA-Q3 | 750 | 29 (13.6)/213 | 0.87 (0.45 to 1.70) | 26.6 | 37 (17.4)/213 | 1.82 (0.94 to 3.52) |
| MUFA-Q4 | 925 | 56 (26.3)/213 | 2.21 (1.22 to 3.99) | 29.0 | 55 (25.8)/213 | 3.01 (1.16 to 5.67) |
| P-trend | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| PUFA n-6 quartile | ||||||
| PUFA n-6-Q1 | 812 | 26 (12.2)/213 | 1.00 | 32.2 | 41 (19.2)/213 | 1.00 |
| PUFA n-6-Q2 | 916 | 26 (12.1)/214 | 0.94 (0.49 to 1.81) | 34.6 | 36 (16.7)/215 | 1.03 (0.58 to 1.81) |
| PUFA n-6-Q3 | 1009 | 28 (13.1)/213 | 1.02 (0.54 to 1.92) | 36.5 | 34 (16.0)/212 | 1.08 (0.61 to 1.91) |
| PUFA n-6-Q4 | 1161 | 47 (22.1)/213 | 1.67 (0.94 to 2.99) | 38.9 | 16 (7.5)/213 | 0.47 (0.24 to 0.94) |
| P-trend | 0.046 | 0.065 | ||||
| PUFA n-3 quartile | ||||||
| PUFA n-3-Q1 | 97 | 22 (10.3)/213 | 1.00 | 3.8 | 31 (14.6)/213 | 1.00 |
| PUFA n-3-Q2 | 120 | 34 (16.0)/213 | 1.62 (0.85 to 3.07) | 4.4 | 37 (17.3)/214 | 1.13 (0.63 to 2.02) |
| PUFA n-3-Q3 | 140 | 35 (16.4)/214 | 1.22 (0.64 to 2.34) | 5.0 | 33 (15.5)/213 | 0.97 (0.53 to 1.79) |
| PUFA n-3-Q4 | 173 | 36 (16.9)/213 | 1.37 (0.72 to 2.59) | 5.9 | 26 (12.2)/213 | 0.67 (0.35 to 1.25) |
| P-trend | 0.59 | 0.14 | ||||
| Total plasma concentration | ||||||
| Total FA-Q1 | 2237 | 23 (10.8)/213 | 1.00 | – | – | – |
| Total FA-Q2 | 2570 | 22 (10.3)/214 | 0.74 (0.38 to 1.47) | – | – | – |
| Total FA-Q3 | 2886 | 32 (15.0)/213 | 1.10 (0.59 to 2.07) | – | – | – |
| Total FA-Q4 | 3323 | 50 (23.5)/213 | 1.76 (0.98 to 3.16) | – | – | – |
| P-trend | 0.014 | |||||
Bold text indicates a statistically significant difference with a p-value ≤ 0.05.
*Adjusted for age, prepregnancy BMI, parity, weekly weight gain, smoking during pregnancy, family history of diabetes.
†Relative FA concentrations as a ratio of total FA.
BMI, body mass index; FA, fatty acids; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SFA, saturated fatty acids.