Total (n=102) | Liraglutide (n=51) | Placebo (n=51) | P value | |
Sex (woman) | 16 (15.7%) | 6 (11.8%) | 10 (19.6%) | 0.28 |
Age (years) | 66.4 (8.2) | 65.9 (8.6) | 66.9 (7.8) | 0.56 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.9 (4.6) | 30.5 (5.3) | 29.3 (3.8) | 0.16 |
Type 2 diabetes | ||||
Known duration in years | 10.9 (5.7; 18.2) | 12.2 (5.4; 18.2) | 10.2 (5.7; 19.2) | 0.65 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 58.4 (10.1) | 58.7 (9.6) | 58.0 (10.6) | 0.73 |
Kidney function | ||||
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 83.2 (16.3) | 82.7 (17.6) | 83.7 (15.0) | 0.75 |
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 6.0 (3.5–14.5) | 6.0 (3.5–15) | 6.0 (3.5–14.5) | 0.65 |
Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 135 (17) | 133 (15) | 137 (20) | 0.25 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 79 (8) | 80 (7) | 79 (8) | 0.57 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.1 (0.81) | 4.1 (0.80) | 4.1 (0.82) | 0.85 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.1 (0.67) | 2.1 (0.72) | 2.1 (0.62) | 0.48 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.36) | 1.2 (0.38) | 1.3 (0.34) | 0.14 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.0) | 2.1 (1.2) | 1.6 (0.78) | 0.01 |
Current smoker | 14 (13.7%) | 10 (19.6%) | 4 (7.8%) | 0.08 |
History of cardiovascular event | ||||
Myocardial infarction | 13 (12.8%) | 8 (15.7%) | 5 (9.8%) | 0.37 |
Stroke | 6 (5.9%) | 3 (5.9%) | 3 (5.9%) | 1.00 |
Peripheral arterial thrombosis | 2 (2.0%) | 2 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.50 |
History of cardiovascular symptoms | ||||
Claudication | 4 (3.9%) | 3 (5.9%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0.62 |
Angina pectoris | 5 (4.9%) | 4 (7.8%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0.36 |
Any cardiovascular disease | 23 (22.6%) | 14 (27.5%) | 9 (17.7%) | 0.24 |
Glucose-lowering medication | ||||
Insulin use | 39 (38.2%) | 20 (39.2%) | 19 (37.3%) | 0.84 |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 20 (19.6%) | 8 (15.7%) | 12 (23.5%) | 0.32 |
Cardiovascular medication | ||||
Aspirin treatment | 37 (36.3%) | 16 (31.4%) | 21 (41.2%) | 0.30 |
Statins and/or ezetimibe | 88 (86.3%) | 46 (90.2%) | 42 (82.4%) | 0.25 |
Fibrates | 1 (1.0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
Adapted from Ripa et al.8 Data are n (%), mean (SD) or median [IQR]. Differences in baseline characteristics between the liraglutide and the placebo group were tested using unpaired t-test and the χ2 test.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SGLT2, sodium glucose transporter 2.