Changes in glycemic control, quality of life and disease burden among all participants
| Baseline (A) | 1 year (B) | 2 years (C) | B vs A | C vs A | C vs B | |
| Glycemia | ||||||
| HbA1c | 60.7 (59.1 to 62.3) | 57.3 (55.8 to 58.8) | 57.8 (56.0 to 59.5) | −3.4 (−6.1 to −0.7) | −2.9 (−5.9 to −0.02) | 0.5 (−2.4 to 3.3) |
| n | 341 | 253 | 342 | |||
| Hypoglycemic events in the past 6 months | 64.7 (55.3 to 74.0) | 66.3 (55.0 to 77.6) | 51.0 (42.1 to 59.9) | 1.6 (−16.2 to 19.5) | −13.6 (−29.4 to 2.1) | −15.3 (−32.8 to 2.3) |
| n | 325 | 311 | 294 | |||
| Quality of life | ||||||
| EQ-5D-3L Dutch tariff | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9) | 0.8 (0.8 to 0.9) | 0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05) | 0.0 (−0.04 to 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.03) |
| n | 342 | 342 | 336 | |||
| EQ-VAS | 69.8 (67.4 to 72.2) | 71.7 (69.0 to 74.4) | 73.9 (71.0 to 76.9) | 1.9 (−2.5 to 6.3) | 4.1 (−0.5 to 8.7) | 2.2 (−2.6 to 7.1) |
| n | 342 | 342 | 336 | |||
| SF-12v2 PCS score | 38.2 (37.4 to 38.9) | 47.2 (46.2 to 48.2) | 46.9 (45.9 to 47.9) | 9.1 (7.6 to 10.6) | 8.7 (7.2 to 10.2) | −0.4 (−2.1 to 1.4) |
| n | 342 | 342 | 342 | |||
| SF-12v2 MCS score | 48.8 (47.6 to 50.1) | 49.4 (48.3 to 50.5) | 47.5 (46.4 to 48.7) | 0.6 (−1.5 to 2.6) | −1.3 (−3.4 to 0.8) | −1.9 (−3.8 to 0.03) |
| n | 342 | 333 | 333 | |||
| Disease burden | ||||||
| Hospital admissions | 0.1 (0.04 to 0.2) | 0.1 (−0.01 to 0.1) | 1.3 (−2.2 to 4.8) | −0.1 (−0.2 to 0.1) | 1.2 (−3.1 to 5.5) | 1.3 (−3.0 to 5.6) |
| n | 342 | 342 | 341 | |||
| Lost working days | 6.0 (2.7 to 9.3) | 5.1 (2.2 to 8.0) | 5.7 (1.5 to 9.9) | −0.9 (−6.3 to 4.5) | −0.3 (−6.8 to 5.6) | 0.6 (−5.6 to 6.8) |
| n | 342 | 342 | 339 |
Data are presented as mean (difference) with 95% CI.
HbA1c concentrations are presented in mmol/mol.
EQ-5D-3L, three-level version of EuroQol 5 Dimension; EQ-VAS, EQ-Visual Analogue Scale; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; MCS, Mental Component Summary; PCS, Physical Component Summary; SF-12v2, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2.