Comparison of patients’ demographic and medical characteristics by medication complexity
| Low complexity | Moderate complexity | High complexity | P value | |
| Age (years) | 62.6±10.4 | 58.9±10.2 | 56.7±10.3 | 0.13 |
| Gender | 0.51 | |||
| Male | 15 (57.7) | 12 (54.5) | 11 (42.3) | |
| Female | 11 (42.3) | 10 (45.5) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Race/ethnicity (self-reported)* | 0.38 | |||
| White or Caucasian | 4 (15.4) | 4 (20) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Black/African American | 2 (15.4) | 5 (25) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Hispanic | 18 (69.2) | 11 (55) | 21 (80.8) | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 1 (3.8) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.3±5.2 | 32.1±6.5 | 34.6±5.2 | 0.09 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 132±15.3 | 127.6±13.5 | 131.8±17.3 | 0.56 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 70.1±10.9 | 71.3±10.9 | 70.5±10.8 | 0.93 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 11.4±9.8 | 13.6±9.1 | 13.8±7.6 | 0.55 |
| HbA1c (%)† | 7.4±1.2 | 8.7±1.5 | 8.6±2 | 0.006 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL)‡ | 0.88±0.24 | 0.9±0.27 | 1.0±0.32 | 0.5 |
| eGFR (mL/min)§ | 79.4±17.9 | 84.7±24.5 | 83.1±19.9 | 0.72 |
| LDL (mg/dL)¶ | 92.8±38.1 | 97.8±25.2 | 85±33.9 | 0.59 |
| Diabetes distress score (range 2–12) | 4.7±2.8 | 4.6±2.8 | 6.8±2.9 | 0.009 |
| Diabetes distress | 0.02 | |||
| DDS-2<6 | 17 (65.4) | 14 (63.6) | 8 (30.8) | |
| DDS-2≥6 | 9 (34.6) | 8 (36.4) | 18 (69.2) | |
| Hypertension | 0.36 | |||
| No | 4 (15.4) | 7 (31.8) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Yes | 22 (84.6) | 15 (68.2) | 21 (80.8) | |
| Hyperlipidemia* | 0.97 | |||
| No | 7 (29.2) | 6 (27.3) | 8 (30.8) | |
| Yes | 17 (70.8) | 16 (72.7) | 18 (69.2) | |
| Hypoglycemia | 0.1 | |||
| No | 21 (80.8) | 13 (59.1) | 14 (53.8) | |
| Yes | 5 (19.2) | 9 (40.9) | 12 (46.2) | |
| Microvascular complications** | 0.003 | |||
| No | 18 (72) | 11 (55) | 6 (24) | |
| Yes | 7 (28) | 9 (45) | 19 (76) | |
| Macrovascular complications†† | 0.43 | |||
| No | 20 (87) | 20 (95.2) | 19 (82.6) | |
| Yes | 3 (13) | 1 (4.8) | 4 (17.4) |
*n=72.
†n=73.
‡n=61.
§n=54.
¶n=47.
**n=70.
††n=67.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DDS-2, Diabetes Distress Scale-2; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL, low density lipoprotein.