Characteristic | Pump funding program (n=1320) | No pump funding program (n=239) | P value |
Demographic | |||
Age (years) | 40 [31, 49] | 41 [33, 49] | 0.33 |
Female, n (%) | 617 (46.7) | 117 (49) | 0.53 |
Provider age (years) | 51 [41, 59] | 47 [37, 55] | <0.0001 |
Provider sex, n (%) | 0.0003 | ||
Female | 569 (43.3) | 78 (32.6) | |
Male | 718 (54.7) | 161 (67.4) | |
Provider type, n (%) | 0.007 | ||
Family physician | 1296 (98.2) | 228 (95.4) | |
Nurse practitioner | 17 (1.3) | 10 (4.2) | |
Clinical | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 1046 (79.2) | 167 (69.9) | 0.001 |
Depression, n (%) | 437 (33.1) | 61 (25.5) | 0.02 |
Osteoarthritis, n (%) | 96 (7.3) | 73 (30.5) | <0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 77.04±9.89 | 78.51±9.39 | 0.1 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 124.77±16.57 | 129.23±17.41 | 0.003 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.22±8.12 | 31.33±9.93 | 0.04 |
BMI category | 0.0005 | ||
BMI ≤18.5 | 597 (45.2%) | 133 (55.7%) | |
BMI 18.5–24.9 | 237 (18.0%) | 19 (8.0%) | |
BMI 25–29.9 | 207 (15.7%) | 41 (17.2%) | |
BMI≥30 | 279 (21.1%) | 46 (19.3%) | |
Laboratory | |||
HbA1c (%) | 8.44±1.99 | 8.96±2.04 | 0.001 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 73 [62, 88] | 69 [55, 83] | 0.0004 |
ACR (mg/mmol) | 1.21 [0.58, 5.67] | 1.20 [0.40, 3.70] | 0.09 |
Medications | |||
Statin, n (%) | 275 (20.8) | 52 (21.8) | 0.745 |
ACEi/ARB, n (%) | 257 (19.5) | 53 (22.2) | 0.33 |
Risk factors | |||
Smoking status, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||
Current | 156 (11.8) | 6 (2.5) | |
Never | 188 (14.2) | 0 (0) | |
Past | 245 (18.6) | ≤5 | |
Alcohol status, n (%) | <0.0001 | ||
Current | 231 (17.5) | 48 (20.1) | |
Never | 21 (1.6) | ≤5 | |
Past | 194 (14.7) | ≤5 | |
Socioeconomic | |||
Income quintile, n (%) | 0.20 | ||
1 (lowest) | 301 (24.9) | 24 (17.7) | |
2 | 244 (20.2) | 25 (18.4) | |
3 | 250 (20.7) | 38 (27.9) | |
4 | 214 (17.7) | 26 (19.1) | |
5 (highest) | 201 (16.6) | 23 (16.9) | |
Urban residence, n (%) | 1049 (81.0) | 167 (70.2) | 0.0001 |
Data presented as means±SD, median [IQR], or frequency (%). Continuous variables were compared by Student’s t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum depending on normality of distribution, and categorical variables were compared by χ2.
Data were missing for provider age (n=197, 13%), provider sex (n=33, 2%), provider type (n=8, 0.5%), diastolic blood pressure (n=263, 17%), systolic blood pressure (n=263, 17%), BMI (n=719, 46%), HbA1c (n=259, 17%), total cholesterol (n=573, 37%), LDL-C (n=620, 40%), HDL-C (n=545, 35%), triglyceride (n=571, 37%), creatinine (n=304, 20%), ACR (n=748, 48%), income quintile (n=213, 13.7%), and urban residence (n=26, 1.7%).
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.