Table 4

CAN and CARTs versus ESKD, all-cause mortality and ≥30% decline in eGFR from baseline

	Events	Outcomes	HR (95% CI)	P value
Model 1	44	CAN	6.352 (3.268 to 12.346)	<0.0001
	44	E/I ratio	5.035 (2.487 to 10.193)	<0.0001
	26	Valsalva	7.103 (3.163 to 15.951)	<0.0001
	43	30/15 ratio	3.832 (2.045 to 7.179)	<0.0001
Model 2	44	CAN	6.843 (3.493 to 13.404)	<0.0001
	44	E/I ratio	5.255 (2.586 to 10.677)	<0.0001
	26	Valsalva	7.453 (3.278 to 16.945)	<0.0001
	43	30/15 ratio	4.228 (2.218 to 8.060)	<0.0001
Model 3	44	CAN	4.957 (2.410 to 10.194)	<0.0001
	44	E/I ratio	3.983 (1.856 to 8.545)	0.0004
	26	Valsalva	4.194 (1.582 to 11.117)	0.0039
	43	30/15 ratio	3.887 (1.905 to 7.933)	0.0002
Model 4	44	CAN	3.138 (1.472 to 6.690)	0.0031
	44	E/I ratio	2.411 (1.077 to 5.4)	0.0324
	26	Valsalva	2.641 (0.975 to 7.159)	0.0562
	43	30/15 ratio	2.459 (1.165 to 5.194)	0.0183
Model 5	39	CAN	2.497 (1.119 to 5.571)	0.0254
	39	E/I ratio	1.811 (0.776 to 4.226)	0.1693
	24	Valsalva	1.903 (0.668 to 5.421)	0.2284
	43	30/15 ratio	2.223 (0.990 to 4.990)	0.0529
Model 6	23	CAN	2.807 (0.874 to 9.014)	0.0829
	23	E/I Ratio	2.520 (0.600 to 10.585)	0.2070
	23	Valsalva	1.903 (0.769 to 6.763)	0.1373
	23	30/15 ratio	2.223 (0.493 to 3.775)	0.5496

Model 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age and sex. Model 3: as model 2 and additionally adjusted for duration of diabetes, Hba_1c, BMI, smoking, exercise, beta-blocker use, LDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. Model 4: as model 3, and additionally adjusted for baseline eGFR. Model 5: as model 4 and additionally adjusted for urinary albumin excretion rate. CARTs were evaluated as binary variables based on age-specific cut-off values.
BMI, body mass index; CAN, cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; CARTs, cardiac autonomic reflex tests; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; E/I ratio, expiration/inspiration ratio; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.