Baseline characteristics of premier care members ≥18 years of age with pre-diabetes, stratified by metformin use and engagement in a NDPP
| NDPP only | Metformin only | Metformin+NDPP | P value | |
| Number | 673 (46) | 699 (47) | 103 (7) | – |
| Age (years) | 53±10 | 48±12 | 48±12 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | 0.0064 | |||
| Female | 473 (70) | 465 (67) | 84 (82) | |
| Male | 200 (30) | 234 (33) | 19 (18) | |
| Race | 0.8160 | |||
| Asian | 50 (9) | 39 (7) | 4 (5) | |
| Black | 41 (7) | 43 (8) | 8 (9) | |
| White | 466 (82) | 448 (83) | 72 (84) | |
| Other | 10 (2) | 12 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Geocoded indicators | ||||
| Median neighborhood income ($) | 71 319 | 68 100 | 71 081 | 0.0031 |
| Per cent unemployment | 34.4±4.6 | 34.8±4.8 | 34.0±4.2 | 0.1632 |
| Per cent Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program | 8.2±6.0 | 9.4±6.4 | 8.2±5.6 | 0.0010 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.4±6.8 | 36.7±7.9 | 37.0±6.7 | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||
| Systolic | 125±15 | 127±15 | 126±14 | 0.1894 |
| Diastolic | 74±10 | 77±10 | 76±10 | <0.0001 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
| Total cholesterol | 198±39 | 189±41 | 194±31 | 0.0073 |
| HDL cholesterol | 54±14 | 49±13 | 48±10 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 58±14 | 52±13 | 50±10 | <0.0001 |
| Male | 45±11 | 42±10 | 39±6 | 0.0045 |
| Triglycerides | 146±80 | 161±121 | 157±74 | 0.1019 |
| LDL cholesterol | 116±33 | 110±35 | 114±28 | 0.0384 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8±0.3 | 6.2±0.9 | 5.9±0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Claims diagnosis of … | ||||
| Overweight/obesity | 294 (44) | 357 (51) | 61 (59) | 0.0016 |
| Hypertension | 240 (36) | 326 (47) | 45 (44) | 0.0002 |
| Any antihypertensive medication | 222 (33) | 333 (48) | 43 (42) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 242 (36) | 250 (36) | 40 (39) | 0.8298 |
| Any lipid-lowering medication | 147 (22) | 185 (26) | 21 (20) | 0.0911 |
| Smoking | 14 (2) | 45 (6%) | 3 (3) | 0.0002 |
| Female | 8 (2) | 23 (5) | 1 (1) | 0.0094 |
| Male | 6 (3) | 22 (9) | 2 (11) | 0.0220 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 50 (7) | 70 (10) | 11 (11) | 0.1946 |
Data are number (%) or mean±SD.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; NDPP, National Diabetes Prevention Program.