Baseline characteristics of premier care members ≥18 years of age with pre-diabetes, stratified by metformin use
| Total | Any metformin use | No metformin use | P value | |
| Number (%) | 8131 | 802 (10) | 7329 (90) | – |
| Age (years) | 50±12 | 48±12 | 51±12 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | <0.0001 | |||
| Women | 4649 (57) | 549 (68) | 4100 (56) | |
| Men | 3482 (43) | 253 (32) | 3229 (44) | |
| Race | 0.0124 | |||
| Asian | 634 (10) | 43 (7) | 591 (10) | |
| Black | 532 (8) | 51 (8) | 481 (8) | |
| White | 5254 (81) | 520 (83) | 4734 (81) | |
| Other | 85 (1) | 14 (2) | 71 (1) | |
| At least one primary care visit in prior year | 6789 (84) | 691 (86) | 6098 (83) | 0.0299 |
| At least one specialist visit in prior year | 5323 (66) | 569 (71) | 4754 (65) | 0.0005 |
| Geocoded indicators | ||||
| Median neighborhood income ($) | $69 751 | $68 487 | $69 888 | 0.0386 |
| Per cent unemployment | 35.0±4.7 | 34.7±4.7 | 35.0±4.7 | 0.0847 |
| Per cent Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program | 8.7±6.5 | 9.2±6.3 | 8.6±6.5 | 0.0125 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.3±7.3 | 36.7±7.8 | 31.8±7.1 | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||
| Systolic | 125±15 | 127±15 | 125±15 | 0.0017 |
| Diastolic | 75±10 | 77±10 | 75±10 | <0.0001 |
| Lipids (mg/dL) | ||||
| Total cholesterol | 194±39 | 190±40 | 195±39 | 0.0062 |
| HDL cholesterol | 52±15 | 49±13 | 52±15 | <0.0001 |
| Women | 57±15 | 52±13 | 58±16 | <0.0001 |
| Men | 46±12 | 42±10 | 46±12 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides | 147±94 | 160±116 | 145±91 | 0.0049 |
| LDL cholesterol | 114±33 | 111±34 | 114±33 | 0.0206 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8±0.5 n=4876 (60) | 6.1±0.9 n=625 (78) | 5.8±0.4 n=4251 (58) | <0.0001 |
| Claims diagnosis of … | ||||
| Overweight/obesity | 2817 (35) | 418 (52) | 2399 (33) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 3064 (38) | 371 (46) | 2693 (37) | <0.0001 |
| Any antihypertensive medication | 2865 (35) | 376 (47) | 2489 (34) | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 2733 (34) | 290 (36) | 2443 (33) | 0.1077 |
| Any lipid-lowering medication | 1636 (20) | 206 (26) | 1430 (20) | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | 530 (7) | 48 (6) | 482 (7) | 0.5194 |
| Women | 256 (6) | 24 (4) | 232 (6) | 0.2144 |
| Men | 274 (8) | 24 (10) | 250 (8) | 0.3212 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 800 (10) | 81 (10) | 719 (10) | 0.7939 |
Data are number (%) or mean±SD.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein.