Table 1

Characteristics of adults with HF in inpatient (NIS) and ED (NEDS) settings, by diabetes status,* 2006, 2011 and 2017

	Diabetes status	Emergency department (NEDS)**						Inpatient (NIS)
		2006		2011		2017		2006		2011		2017
		N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Weighted total, N		863 816		1 215 499		2 291 311		4 199 309		4 328 315		5 076 844
Demographic characteristics
Age group (years)
18-44	Yes	16 745	5.7	27 349	5.9	56 166	5.8	44 483	2.8	50 329	2.7	68 740	2.9
	No	47 556	8.3	65 266	8.7	120 347	9.1	102 984	3.9	96 885	3.9	124 950	4.6
45-64	Yes	97 036	33.3	164 710	35.5	360 344	37	414 267	26.4	507 741	27.1	672 170	28.2
	No	134 910	23.6	202 597	27	397 474	30.2	468 952	17.8	469 112	19.1	581 875	21.6
65-74	Yes	70 292	24.1	111 663	24.1	252 654	25.9	412 325	26.2	499 910	26.7	690 205	29
	No	95 300	16.7	122 115	16.2	240 782	18.3	479 143	18.2	435 137	17.7	556 425	20.7
≥75	Yes	107 552	36.9	160 043	34.5	305 444	31.3	701 007	44.6	815 249	43.5	952 585	40
	No	294 425	51.5	361 756	48.1	558 100	42.4	1 576 148	60	1 453 952	59.2	1 429 894	53.1
Gender
Men	Yes	122 793	42.1	205 775	44.4	457 279	46.9	724 625	46.1	908 406	48.5	1 227 515	51.5
	No	249 204	43.6	329 884	43.9	621 073	47.2	1 213 043	46.2	1 143 371	46.6	1 333 365	49.5
Women	Yes	168 800	57.9	257 662	55.6	517 247	53.1	847 414	53.9	964 767	51.5	1 156 150	48.5
	No	322 796	56.4	421 466	56.1	695 466	52.8	1 414 070	53.8	1 311 565	53.4	1 359 705	50.5
Location
Urban	Yes	217 555	74.8	357 555	77.2	790 845	81.3	1 234 506	78.7	1 469 309	79.9	1 955 570	82.3
	No	422 590	74.1	571 866	76.3	1 054 555	80.4	2 033 634	77.6	1 905 172	79.5	2 193 210	81.7
Micropolitan	Yes	43 821	15.1	63 141	13.6	106 273	10.9	191 267	12.2	210 987	11.5	235 854	9.9
	No	81 791	14.3	101 643	13.6	146 877	11.2	333 365	12.7	276 922	11.6	271 774	10.1
Rural	Yes	29 566	10.2	42 292	9.1	75 427	7.8	143 331	9.1	159 368	8.7	185 925	7.8
	No	65 664	11.5	76 464	10.2	110 611	8.4	254 262	9.7	213 847	8.9	218 230	8.1
Household income
First quartile (poorest)	Yes	102 414	35.8	172 413	37.9	383 475	40	515 942	33.6	624 720	33.9	826 755	35.2
	No	187 940	33.6	258 795	35.1	470 234	36.4	773 507	30.1	730 924	30.3	819 735	31
Second quartile	Yes	85 225	29.8	125 087	27.5	268 279	28	406 474	26.5	466 148	25.3	639 255	27.2
	No	160 980	28.8	198 215	26.9	355 320	27.5	670 920	26.1	604 367	25.1	714 885	27
Third quartile	Yes	63 322	22.2	98 071	21.5	186 367	19.4	340 853	22.2	447 474	24.3	514 840	21.9
	No	125 866	22.5	165 483	22.4	268 241	20.7	598 751	23.3	593 410	24.6	608 900	23
Fourth quartile (wealthiest)	Yes	34 886	12.2	59 563	13.1	121 124	12.6	272 696	17.8	302 516	16.4	365 980	15.6
Fourth quartile (wealthiest)	No	85 056	15.2	114 868	15.6	199 544	15.4	527 656	20.5	480 756	20	504 725	19.1
US region
Northeast	Yes	33 609	11.5	46 079	9.9	86 556	8.9	320 429	20.4	354 641	18.9	426 350	17.9
	No	81 856	14.3	87 542	11.6	144 018	10.9	501 525	19.1	507 939	20.7	513 079	19.1
Midwest	Yes	85 067	29.2	122 662	26.4	242 622	24.9	393 679	25	474 545	25.3	583 045	24.5
	No	156 589	27.4	193 037	25.7	328 833	25	658 381	25.1	611 503	24.9	644 774	23.9
South	Yes	129 239	44.3	211 335	45.6	462 321	47.4	618 281	39.3	733 689	39.2	971 856	40.8
	No	234 413	41	322 829	42.9	578 959	44	1 061 978	40.4	938 078	38.2	1 059 016	39.3
West	Yes	43 709	15	83 689	18	183 109	18.8	239 693	15.2	310 355	16.6	402 449	16.9
	No	99 333	17.4	148 326	19.7	264 894	20.1	405 343	15.4	397 565	16.2	476 274	17.7
Comorbidities
Myocardial Infarction	Yes	247 859	16.6	418 179	15.3	629 091	21.1	272 138	17.3	396 389	21.2	568 300	23.8
	No	383 379	15.1	300 754	16.5	619 893	17.5	433 155	16.5	455 611	18.6	548 890	20.4
Peripheral Vascular Disease	Yes	144 798	9.7	218 434	8	440 161	14.8	195 980	12.5	318 289	17	565 005	23.7
Peripheral Vascular Disease	No	166 635	6.6	186 437	10.2	522 821	14.7	216 342	8.2	285 756	11.6	501 535	18.6
Cerebrovascular Disease	Yes	98 752	6.6	187 399	6.8	123 358	4.1	120 054	7.6	184 883	9.9	133 380	5.6
	No	163 958	6.5	125 599	6.9	139 687	3.9	197 503	7.5	228 489	9.3	150 715	5.6
Dementia	Yes	99 882	6.7	299 327	10.9	263 721	8.9	105 888	6.7	177 371	9.5	248 990	10.4
	No	241 362	9.5	140 117	7.7	391 736	11	251 099	9.6	322 289	13.1	362 215	13.4
Chronic Pulmonary Disease	Yes	532 654	35.7	987 082	36	1 178 523	39.6	574 059	36.5	740 773	39.5	972 615	40.8
Chronic Pulmonary Disease	No	921 924	36.3	672 799	36.9	1 349 228	38.1	1 016 015	38.7	951 659	38.8	1 101 715	40.9
Rheumatic Disease	Yes	27 135	1.8	86 688	3.2	78 835	2.6	30 915	2	53 319	2.8	70 870	3
	No	64 962	2.6	39 071	2.1	128 802	3.6	76 293	2.9	100 400	4.1	119 205	4.4
Peptic Ulcer Disease	Yes	18 072	1.2	35 223	1.3	33 329	1.1	21 700	1.4	29 251	1.6	35 165	1.5
	No	36 891	1.5	19 024	1	42 069	1.2	44 371	1.7	42 480	1.7	45 205	1.7
Liver Disease Mild	Yes	34 623	2.3	80 354	2.9	125 905	4.2	39 761	2.5	78 917	4.2	119 895	5
	No	67 995	2.7	50 306	2.8	128 975	3.6	77 314	2.9	102 382	4.2	123 860	4.6
Renal Disease Mild to Moderate	Yes	244 008	16.3	576 139	21	1 076 815	36.2	281 640	17.9	717 912	38.3	1 039 750	43.6
Renal Disease Mild to Moderate	No	263 803	10.4	551 260	30.3	855 003	24.1	308 784	11.8	657 730	26.8	837 925	31.1
Hemiplegia or Paraplegia	Yes	10 333	0.7	30 742	1.1	37 755	1.3	12 234	0.8	23 801	1.3	43 430	1.8
	No	22 070	0.9	15 487	0.8	46 474	1.3	25 058	1	37 340	1.5	54 355	2
Any malignancy	Yes	51 584	3.5	139 644	5.1	111 149	3.7	68 008	4.3	96 629	5.2	119 180	5
	No	125 689	4.9	66 860	3.7	168 915	4.8	171 192	6.5	172 419	7	187 905	7
Liver Disease moderate to severe	Yes	7 801	0.5	20 780	0.8	34 597	1.2	10 484	0.7	21 739	1.2	37 535	1.6
Liver Disease moderate to severe	No	14 861	0.6	13 485	0.7	33 431	0.9	17 231	0.7	25 950	1.1	37 905	1.4
Renal disease severe	Yes	328 819	22	164 424	6	418 838	14.1	371 670	23.6	238 246	12.7	335 555	14.1
	No	356 566	14	197 091	10.8	212 217	6	407 246	15.5	154 810	6.3	164 155	6.1
HIV/AIDS	Yes	1 971	0.1	9 117	0.3	7 158	0.2	2 378	0.2	3 267	0.2	5 435	0.2
	No	8 966	0.4	3 013	0.2	16 791	0.5	9 239	0.4	8 588	0.3	11 295	0.4
Metastatic solid tumor	Yes	15 407	1	40 665	1.5	36 266	1.2	20 809	1.3	25 695	1.4	39 840	1.7
	No	42 913	1.7	17 100	0.9	58 244	1.6	59 113	2.2	51 215	2.1	67 090	2.5

*HF defined as any diagnosis; **excludes those who were admitted to hospital.
HF, heart failure; NEDS, Nationwide Emergency Department Sample; NIS, National Inpatient Sample.