Age-standardized inpatient admission rates and rate ratios (RRs)* for HF in adults with versus without diabetes in the USA between 2006 and 2017
| Age-standardized inpatient admission rate (per 1000 people) (95% CI)† | Trend 1‡ | Trend 2‡ | ||||||
| 2006 | 2011 | 2017 | Year | APC (95% CI) | Year | APC (95% CI) | ||
| Total population | Diabetes | 53.9 (49.4 to 58.3) | 54.6 (50.9 to 58.4) | 62.3 (58.2 to 66.4) | 2006–2013 | −0.3 (–2.5 to 1.9) | 2013–2017 | 4.8 (0.3 to 9.6)§ |
| No diabetes | 14.8 (13.7 to 15.8) | 12.9 (12.2 to 13.6) | 12.2 (11.6 to 12.9) | 2006–2014 | −2.3 (–3.2 to –1.2)§ | 2014–2017 | 1.4 (–2.6 to 5.6) | |
| RR | 3.6 (3.3 to 4.0) | 4.2 (3.9 to 4.6) | 5.1 (4.7 to 5.5) | 2006–2017 | 2.8 (1.9 to 3.7)§ | n/a | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | Diabetes | 54.6 (48.9 to 60.3) | 54.8 (50.2 to 59.4) | 62.1 (57.2 to 67.1) | 2006–2009 | −4.7 (–13.4 to 4.9) | 2009–2017 | 3.3 (1.6 to 4.9)§ |
| No diabetes | 16.1 (14.8 to 17.4) | 13.9 (13.0 to 14.9) | 13.7 (12.9 to 14.6) | 2006–2013 | −2.4 (–3.7 to –1.2)§ | 2013–2017 | 1.2 (–1.3 to 3.7) | |
| RR | 3.4 (2.9 to 3.8) | 3.9 (3.5 to 4.4) | 4.5 (4.0 to 5.0) | 2006–2017 | 3.1 (1.9 to 4.3)§ | n/a | ||
| Women | Diabetes | 53.0 (48.0 to 58.1) | 54.6 (50.0 to 59.2) | 62.5 (57.5 to 67.6) | 2006–2013 | −1.1 (–3.4 to 1.3) | 2013–2017 | 5.2 (0.2 to 10.5)§ |
| No diabetes | 13.7 (12.6 to 14.7) | 12.0 (11.3 to 12.8) | 11.0 (10.4 to 11.6) | 2006–2017 | −1.7 (–2.4 to –1.1)§ | n/a | ||
| RR | 3.9 (3.4 to 4.4) | 4.5 (4.1 to 5.0) | 5.7 (5.1 to 6.3) | 2006–2017 | 2.8 (1.7 to 3.8)§ | n/a | ||
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
| 18–44 | Diabetes | 15.2 (12.8 to 17.7) | 18.6 (15.9 to 21.2) | 22.8 (19.4 to 26.2) | 2006–2017 | 3.9 (1.9 to 6.0)§ | n/a | |
| No diabetes | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | 1.1 (1.1 to 1.2) | 2006–2008 | −9.4 (–24.2 to 8.1) | 2008–2017 | 3.1 (1.5 to 4.7)§ | |
| RR | 15.9 (13.0 to 18.7) | 20.7 (17.2 to 24.3) | 20.2 (16.9 to 23.5) | 2006–2017 | 2.2 (–0.1 to 4.4) | n/a | ||
| 45–64 | Diabetes | 53.4 (47.7 to 59.2) | 52.3 (47.7 to 57.0) | 63.4 (57.8 to 69.0) | 2006–2008 | −10.3 (–23.5 to 5.1) | 2008–2017 | 3.8 (2.5 to 5.1)§ |
| No diabetes | 7.1 (6.6 to 7.5) | 6.6 (6.2 to 7.0) | 8.0 (7.5 to 8.4) | 2006–2012 | −1.3 (–3.0 to 0.4) | 2012–2017 | 4.7 (3.1 to 6.3)§ | |
| RR | 7.6 (6.6 to 8.5) | 7.9 (7.1 to 8.8) | 7.9 (7.1 to 8.8) | 2006–2017 | 0.9 (0.2 to 1.7)§ | n/a | ||
| 65–74 | Diabetes | 118.9 (104.1 to 133.6) | 102.9 (93.6 to 112.2) | 122.8 (11.8 to 133.8) | 2006–2015 | −1.7 (–2.8 to –0.6)§ | 2015–2017 | 11.4 (–0.7 to 24.8) |
| No diabetes | 30.7 (28.1 to 33.3) | 25.6 (23.8 to 27.4) | 23.4 (22.0 to 24.8) | 2006–2013 | −4.2 (–5.3 to –3.0)§ | 2013–2017 | 1.3 (–1.0 to 3.6) | |
| RR | 3.9 (3.3 to 4.4) | 4.0 (3.6 to 4.5) | 5.3 (4.7 to 5.8) | 2006–2017 | 2.0 (0.6 to 3.3)§ | n/a | ||
| ≥75 | Diabetes | 236.4 (204.3 to 268.5) | 245.6 (218.8 to 272.4) | 249.6 (221.3 to 277.9) | 2006–2017 | 0.1 (–1.4 to 1.6) | n/a | |
| No diabetes | 115.7 (105.8 to 125.6) | 100.6 (93.5 to 107.7) | 88.0 (82.2 to 93.8) | 2006–2017 | −2.2 (–2.8 to –1.7)§ | n/a | ||
| RR | 2.0 (1.7 to 2.4) | 2.4 (2.1 to 2.8) | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.2) | 2006–2017 | 2.4 (0.6 to 4.2)§ | n/a | ||
Data sources: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, National Inpatient Sample.
*RR is rate in diabetes/rate in non-diabetes.
†Years 2006, 2011 and 2017 are displayed in this table for ease of presentation. Rates and 95% CI for other years are presented in figures 1 and 2.
‡Indicates the year in which trends change significantly in either direction or magnitude;.
§ptrend <0.05.
APC, annual percentage change; HF, heart failure; n/a, no second trend identified.