Age-standardized ED visit rates and rate ratios (RRs)* for HF in adults with versus without diabetes in the USA between 2006 and 2017
| Age-standardized ED visit rate (per 1000 people) (95% CI)† | Trend 1‡ | Trend 2‡ | ||||||
| 2006 | 2011 | 2017 | Year | APC (95% CI) | Year | APC (95% CI) | ||
| Total population | Diabetes | 11.5 (10.3 to 12.7) | 16.4 (14.9 to 17.9) | 43.6 (27.3 to 33.9) | 2006–2012 | 6.0 (3.4 to 8.7)§ | 2012–2017 | 12.6 (8.9 to 16.5)§ |
| No diabetes | 3.1 (2.9 to 3.4) | 3.8 (3.6 to 4.1) | 5.9 (5.4 to 6.4) | 2006–2012 | 4.1 (2.7 to 5.5)§ | 2012–2017 | 8.7 (6.1 to 11.3)§ | |
| RR | 3.7 (3.2 to 4.1) | 4.3 (3.8 to 4.8) | 5.2 (4.5 to 5.9) | 2006–2017 | 2.7 (1.9 to 3.5)§ | n/a | ||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | Diabetes | 10.4 (9.2 to 11.7) | 14.9 (13.3 to 16.6) | 27.1 (23.8 to 30.4) | 2006–2010 | 4.3 (–1.8 to 10.8) | 2010–2017 | 11.8 (9.0 to 14.5)§ |
| No diabetes | 3.2 (2.9 to 3.4) | 3.8 (3.5 to 4.1) | 6.2 (5.7 to 6.7) | 2006–2017 | 4.1 (1.5 to 6.7) | 2012–2017 | 9.5 (5.6 to 13.5)§ | |
| RR | 3.3 (2.8 to 3.8) | 3.9 (3.4 to 4.4) | 4.4 (3.7 to 5.0) | 2006–2017 | 2.7 (1.5 to 4.0)§ | n/a | ||
| Women | Diabetes | 12.5 (11.1 to 14.0) | 17.9 (16.0 to 19.7) | 34.2 (30.1 to 38.4) | 2006–2013 | 6.1 (4.2 to 8.1)§ | 2013–2017 | 14.3 (9.1 to 19.6)§ |
| No diabetes | 3.1 (2.8 to 3.4) | 3.8 (3.6 to 4.1) | 5.6 (5.2 to 6.1) | 2006–2012 | 4.0 (2.6 to 5.4)§ | 2012–2017 | 7.8 (5.1 to 10.5)§ | |
| RR | 4.0 (3.5 to 4.6) | 4.7 (4.1 to 5.2) | 6.1 (5.2 to 7.0) | 2006–2017 | 2.7 (1.8 to 3.7)§ | n/a | ||
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18–44 | Diabetes | 5.7 (4.6 to 6.8) | 10.1 (8.5 to 11.7) | 18.6 (15.3 to 22.0) | 2006–2012 | 10.6 (8.5 to 12.8)§ | n/a | |
| No diabetes | 0.4 (0.4 to 0.5) | 0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 2006–2017 | 8.9 (7.6, to 10.2)§ | n/a | ||
| RR | 12.9 (10.1 to 15.8) | 16.7 (13.7 to 19.8) | 17.1 (13.4 to 20.8) | 2006–2017 | 1.8 (–0.1 to 3.8) | n/a | ||
| 45–64 | Diabetes | 12.5 (11.0 to 14.1) | 17.0 (15.1 to 18.8) | 34.0 (29.8 to 38.2) | 2006–2012 | 5.9 (3.6 to 8.3)§ | 2012–2017 | 14.7 (11.2 to 18.2)§ |
| No diabetes | 2.0 (1.9 to 2.2) | 2.8 (2.6 to 3.1) | 5.5 (4.9 to 6.0) | 2006–2012 | 7.0 (5.4 to 8.6)§ | 2012–2017 | 12.4 (10.3 to 14.5)§ | |
| RR | 6.2 (5.2 to 7.1) | 6.0 (5.1 to 6.8) | 6.2 (5.2 to 7.2) | 2006–2017 | 0.3 (–0.6 to 1.2) | n/a | ||
| 65–74 | Diabetes | 20.3 (17.5 to 23.0) | 23.0 (20.5 to 25.5) | 45.0 (39.6 to 50.3) | 2006–2014 | 3.9 (1.8 to 6.1)§ | 2014–2017 | 17.3 (7.5 to 28.0)§ |
| No diabetes | 6.1 (5.6 to 6.7) | 7.2 (6.6 to 7.8) | 10.1 (9.3 to 11.0) | 2006–2013 | 2.7 (0.6 to 4.8)§ | 2013–2017 | 9.1 (4.8 to 13.6)§ | |
| RR | 3.3 (2.8 to 3.9) | 3.2 (2.8 to 3.6) | 4.4 (3.8 to 5.1) | 2006–2017 | 2.0 (0.7 to 3.3)§ | n/a | ||
| ≥75 | Diabetes | 36.3 (31.0 to 41.5) | 48.2 (42.1 to 54.3) | 80.0 (69.3 to 90.8) | 2006–2013 | 3.9 (1.0 to 7.0)§ | 2013–2017 | 13.4 (6.1 to 21.1)§ |
| No diabetes | 21.6 (19.6 to 23.6) | 25.0 (22.9 to 27.2) | 34.3 (31.3 to 37.4) | 2006–2017 | 4.5 (3.6 to 5.4)§ | n/a | ||
| RR | 1.7 (1.4 to 2.0) | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) | 2.3 (2.0 to 2.7) | 2006–2017 | 1.7 (–0.0 to 3.6) | n/a | ||
*RR is rate in diabetes/rate in non-diabetes.
†Years 2006, 2011 and 2017 are displayed in this table for ease of presentation. Rates and 95% CI for other years are presented in figures 1 and 2.
‡Indicates the year in which trends change significantly in either direction or magnitude.
§ptrend <0.05; sample time (from RR of 3.7 to 5.2; APC 2.7 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.5)). Similar patterns were observed in both men and women.
APC, annual percentage change; ED, emergency department; HF, heart failure; n/a, no second trend identified.