Table 2

Associations between education and prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, the Tromsø Study 1994–2016

Undiagnosed diabetes as % of people without known diabetesUndiagnosed as % of all diabetes
Primary and secondaryHigh school or vocationalUniversityPrimary and secondaryHigh school or vocationalUniversity
Tromsø 4 1994–1995
 Crude1.00 (reference)0.45 (0.25 to 0.81)0.44 (0.21 to 0.93)1.00 (reference)0.71 (0.42 to 1.18)1.27 (0.70 to 2.29)
 Model 1*1.00 (reference)0.47 (0.26 to 0.85)0.52 (0.24 to 1.10)1.00 (reference)0.69 (0.41 to 1.17)1.18 (0.64 to 2.19)
 Model 2*1.00 (reference)0.51 (0.28 to 0.93)0.54 (0.27 to 1.20)1.00 (reference)0.65 (0.38 to 1.09)1.26 (0.68 to 2.34)
Tromsø 5 2001–2002
 Crude1.00 (reference)0.69 (0.50 to 0.97)0.59 (0.37 to 0.94)1.00 (reference)0.99 (0.76 to 1.29)1.08 (0.75 to 1.55)
 Model 1*1.00 (reference)0.80 (0.57 to 1.12)0.79 (0.49 to 1.28)1.00 (reference)0.98 (0.74 to 1.28)1.12 (0.77 to 1.62)
 Model 2*1.00 (reference)0.83 (0.59 to 1.17)0.87 (0.54 to 1.39)1.00 (reference)0.98 (0.74 to 1.29)1.10 (0.76 to 1.59)
Tromsø 6 2007–2008
 Crude1.00 (reference)0.61 (0.47 to 0.79)0.31 (0.22 to 0.43)1.00 (reference)0.82 (0.66 to 1.03)0.63 (0.48 to 0.84)
 Model 1*1.00 (reference)0.77 (0.59 to 1.01)0.46 (0.33 to 0.64)1.00 (reference)0.85 (0.67 to 1.06)0.67 (0.50 to 0.90)
 Model 2*1.00 (reference)0.85 (0.64 to 1.11)0.54 (0.39 to 0.75)1.00 (reference)0.86 (0.68 to 1.08)0.68 (0.51 to 0.92)
Tromsø 7 2015–2016
 Crude1.00 (reference)0.52 (0.40 to 0.69)0.28 (0.21 to 0.37)1.00 (reference)0.82 (0.64 to 1.05)0.74 (0.57 to 0.95)
 Model 1*1.00 (reference)0.65 (0.49 to 0.87)0.40 (0.30 to 0.54)1.00 (reference)0.81 (0.63 to 1.04)0.74 (0.57 to 0.95)
 Model 2*1.00 (reference)0.69 (0.52 to 0.91)0.48 (0.36 to 0.65)1.00 (reference)0.81 (0.63 to 1.05)0.76 (0.59 to 0.99)

  • *Model 1: adjustment for age and sex. Model 2: adjustment for age, sex and body mass index.