Baseline characteristics of the study subjects
| Most sensitive (M>12, n=17) | Intermediate sensitive (M=6.1–12, n=29) | Least sensitive (M≤6, n=14) | ANOVA p values | |
| M (mg/kg/min) | 15.6±2.5 | 8.8±1.5* | 4.9±1.2* | <0.0001 |
| FH of T2D (%) | 35.3 | 17.2 | 26.6 | 0.279 |
| Age (years) | 31.3±5.4 | 29.6±4.9 | 32.6±4.92 | 0.183 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6±2.0 | 24.4±3.0 | 24.7±2.4 | 0.348 |
| Waist (cm) | 84.4±6.1 | 80.3±9.1 | 82.6±8.56 | 0.543 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 127.3±8.7 | 121.0±10.0 | 127.6±14.2 | 0.085 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 74.9±8.8 | 72.8±19.2 | 77.8±12.1 | 0.190 |
| HR (beats per minute) | 68.3±11.7 | 74.1±10.4 | 71.7±10.0 | 0.223 |
| Hb (g/L) | 147±8 | 150±9 | 155±8 | 0.072 |
| Cre (µmol/L) | 80.0±9.2 | 79.7±11.3 | 76.0±9.0 | 0.476 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40.6±6.0 | 42.6±2.4 | 44.3±3.0* | 0.037 |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 223.3±38.1 | 230.5±41.3 | 267.5±54.5 | 0.018 |
| ALT (U/L) | 24.8±8.5 | 19.7±9.2 | 34.3±24.3* | 0.009 |
| AST (U/L) | 22.6±6.5 | 19.4±5.4 | 21.7±6.40 | 0.185 |
| T chol (mmol/L) | 4.6±0.9 | 4.4±0.7 | 5.2±1.2 | 0.041 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.9±0.4 | 0.9±0.5 | 1.2±0.5 | 0.051 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.2±0.2 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 0.692 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.0±0.8 | 2.8±0.6 | 3.4±1.0 | 0.072 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.9±0.4 | 4.6±0.4 | 4.8±0.3 | 0.071 |
| Insulin (mIU/L) | 16.3±3.5 | 21.5±10.2 | 28.2±17.9 | 0.019 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.2±0.2 | 5.1±0.3 | 5.1±0.2 | 0.476 |
| TSH (mIU/L) | 1.7±0.6 | 1.4±0.8 | 1.8±1.0 | 0.403 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 18.3±4.7 | 19.6±6.0 | 18.1±6.8 | 0.293 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 56.3±7.3 | 55.0±5.7 | 53.7±6.5 | 0.524 |
| BMC (kg) | 3.0±0.6 | 3.2±1.2 | 2.8±0.5 | 0.420 |
| Android (%fat) | 26.1±8.4 | 27.6±9.8 | 31.3±10.1 | 0.305 |
| Gynoid (%fat) | 26.8±6.7 | 27.4±7.1 | 27.3±6.2 | 0.962 |
| A:G ratio | 1.0±0.2 | 1.1±0.5 | 1.1±0.4 | 0.514 |
| Total (%fat) | 24.5±5.7 | 25.7±6.1 | 26.6±5.9 | 0.605 |
| TIMP-1 (ng/mL) | 75.8±16.8 | 80.2±23.3 | 85.0±16.1 | 0.483 |
| PIIINP (µg/mL) | 8.6±1.9 | 8.1±1.1 | 8.5±0.6 | 0.433 |
| HA (ng/mL) | 13.8±6.9 | 16.5±9.7 | 21.8±15.9 | 0.142 |
| ELF score | 8.0±0.4 | 7.9±0.5 | 8.2±0.8 | 0.329 |
| NAFLD score | −3.2±0.4 | −3.3±0.6 | −3.7±0.8 | 0.120 |
| HOMA2-IR | 2.2±0.5 | 2.8±1.2 | 3.3±1.8 | 0.056 |
Data are mean±SD.
ANOVA was used to determine significance among the three groups followed by Bonferroni statistical test for multiple comparisons.
Fat mass (kg) is total fat weight in whole body.
*P<0.05 vs most sensitive.
A:G, android to gynoid % fat ratio; ALT, alanine transaminase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMC, bone marrow concentration; BMI, body mass index; Cre, creatinine; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ELF, enhanced liver fibrosis; FBG, fasting blood glucose; FH, family history; HA, hyaluronic acid; Hb, hemoglobin; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA2-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment 2 for Insulin Resistance; HR, heart rate; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; M value, whole-body glucose disposal rate; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PIIINP, procollagen III amino-terminal peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T chol, total cholesterol; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TG, triglycerides; TIMP-1, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.