Baseline variable | Test | WL | GEM | ||||
Responders | Non-responders | P value | Responders | Non-responders | P value | ||
Demographic variable | 15 | 21 | NA | 61 | 57 | NA | |
Age (years) | t-test | 56.9±12.8 | 59.3±9.5 | 0.52 | 58.1±12.3 | 54.7±10.7 | 0.11 |
Education (years) | t-test | 15.2±2.9 | 15.4±2.5 | 0.84 | 16.1±3.0 | 16.1±3.2 | 0.99 |
Gender (% female) | Χ2 | 40% | 67% | 0.11 | 53% | 68% | 0.08 |
Race (% white) | Χ2 | 80% | 67% | 0.12 | 82% | 72% | 0.13 |
Body mass index (BMI) | t-test | 34.4±7.9 | 35.2±6.6 | 0.74 | 33.8±6.3 | 35.7±5.6 | 0.09 |
Psychological variables | |||||||
Diabetes empowerment | t-test | 29.3±3.7 | 31.6±3.6 | 0.09 | 30.0±4.1 | 30.0±5.2 | 0.99 |
Diabetes distress (emotional) | t-test | 2.1±0.9 | 2.4±1.1 | 0.43 | 2.2±1.1 | 2.6±1.1 | 0.06 |
Diabetes distress (regimen) | t-test | 2.9±0.9 | 3.3±1.3 | 0.34 | 2.9±1.3 | 3.2±1.4 | 0.23 |
Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) | t-test | 5.1±4.6 | 4.1±4.0 | 0.51 | 3.7±4.2 | 4.8±5.1 | 0.21 |
Disease severity | |||||||
HbA1c (% and (mmol/mol)) | t-test | 8.4±1.0 (68.6±11.1) | 8.1±1.0 (65.1±10.6) | 0.34 | 8.4±1.5 (68.6±16.3) | 8.3±1.2 (67.3±13) | 0.62 |
Medication Effect Score | t-test | 1.2±0.8 | 1.0±0.7 | 0.39 | 1.2±0.8 | 1.1±0.7 | 0.33 |
Years with diabetes | t-test | 4.8±3.0 | 6.0±2.0 | 0.26 | 5.5±3.1 | 5.4±3.3 | 0.87 |
GEM, glycemic excursion minimization; NA, not applicable; WL, weight loss.