Table 4

Mean and SD of the change from baseline to 3 months for responders and non-responders in the WL and GEM groups, with contrasts (p value levels)

	WL pre to post ∆			GEM pre to post ∆
	Responders	Non-responders	P value	Responders	Non-responders	P value
Primary outcome variables
HbA1c (% and (mmol/mol))	−0.7±1.4 (−7.7±15.3)	0.0±1.2 (0±13.1)	0.13	−1.5±1.2 (−16.4±13.1)	−0.05±0.9 (−0.5±9.8)	<0.001*
Total treatment effect (TTE)	−0.8±1.5	0.2±1.6	0.05	−1.6±1.3	−0.4±0.9	<0.001*
Secondary outcome variables
% cardiovascular risk (UKPDS-OM2)	−1.5±4	−0.7±3.0	0.49	−4.4±4.9	−1.7±5.9	0.008*
Diabetes empowerment	1.3±5.0	0.9±4.5	0.84	3.8±4.5	2.6±6.1	0.22
Diabetes distress (emotional)	0.0±0.7	−0.2±0.9	0.44	−0.4±1.0	0.0±0.9	0.015*
Diabetes distress (regimen)	−0.2±1.0	0.5±0.6	0.35	−1.0±1.4	−0.2±1.0	0.001*
Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9)	0.8±4.0	−1.6±2.8	0.06	−1.0±4.0	−0.6±5.3	0.68
Side effect variables
LDL (mmol/L)	−0.0203±0.4871	−0.1158±0.457	0.56	−0.0288±0.5957	0.0751±0.5367	0.34
HDL (mmol/L)	0.0776±0.144	−0.0111±0.1503	0.09	0.1077±0.1897	0.0259±0.1292	0.010*
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	−0.4064±1.1028	0.0145±0.4735	0.18	−0.3278±0.67	−0.3914±1.9167	0.81
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	−0.0103±0.5156	−0.1194±0.4748	0.52	−0.0538±0.7889	−0.02±0.8357	0.82
Mechanism variables
Diabetes knowledge	0.1±3.3	0.4±2.5	0.80	3.1±2.7	2.2±2.5	0.06
Body mass index (BMI)	−0.9±1.2	−0.4±1.1	0.20	−1.8±1.4	−0.7±1.2	<0.001*
Carbohydrates Routinely Consumed (servings)	−1.6±14.2	−5.1±16.3	0.54	−21.0±17.0	−12.0±20.0	0.012*
SMBG readings (30 days)	5.5±26.2	1.7±28.7	0.69	24.3±32.7	10.8±30.8	0.022*
Glucose Monitor Satisfaction Survey (GMSS)	0.3±0.6	0.3±0.7	0.99	0.5±0.6	0.2±0.5	0.009*
Medication Effect Score (MES)	−0.1±0.2	0.3±0.6	0.04	−0.1±0.5	0.1±0.3	0.015*

*Significant with a false discovery rate of 0.05.16
GEM, glycemic excursion minimization; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SMBG, self-monitoring of blood glucose; UKPDS-OM2, UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model 2; WL, weight loss.