Sociodemographic and clinical variables (N=618) | OR (95% CI) | |
Sex (participants) | Simple | Multivariable |
Men | Ref. | – |
Women | 0.87 (0.60 to 1.25) | – |
Sex (pharmacists) | ||
Men | Ref. | – |
Women | 1.03 (0.70 to 1.51) | – |
Type of pharmacy | ||
Rural | Ref. | Ref. |
Urban | 0.54 (0.37 to 0.79)** | 0.62 (0.36 to 1.05) |
Diabetes duration (years), (0–92) | 0.98 (0.96 to 0.99)* | 0.99 (0.96 to 1.01) |
Age (years), (18–99) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) | – |
Education level | ||
Unschooled or not reported | 1.79 (1.13 to 2.83)* | 1.73 (0.99 to 3.03) |
Primary | Ref. | Ref. |
Secondary | 1.27 (0.77 to 2.09) | 1.15 (0.64 to 2.06) |
Tertiary | 1.55 (0.85 to 2.83) | 1.65 (0.84 to 3.26) |
Employment situation | ||
Pensioner | Ref. | Ref. |
Employed | 1.52 (0.99 to 2.34) | 1.60 (0.94 to 2.71) |
Unemployed | 1.37 (0.72 to 2.59) | 1.26 (0.60 to 2.61) |
Hypertension (ref. no) | 1.16 (0.78 to 1.71) | – |
Dyslipidemia (ref. no) | 1.08 (0.75 to 1.50) | – |
Reported diabetes-related comorbidities (ref. no) | 0.85 (0.58 to 1.24) | – |
Hospital admission (last year) (ref. no) | 1.44 (0.88 to 2.36) | – |
Recent laboratory analyses (last year) (ref. no) | 0.74 (0.51 to 1.07) | – |
Use of hypoglycemic agents | 0.76 (0.37 to 1.54) | |
No of treatments per patient | ||
Hypoglycemic (0–5) | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.08) | – |
Antihypertensive (0–7) | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.37) | – |
Other (0–20) | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.99)* | – |
Hypoglycemia awareness (Clarke test) | ||
Impaired (≥4) | Ref. | Ref. |
Undetermined (=3) | 0.65 (0.34 to 1.23) | 0.88 (0.38 to 1.83) |
Adequate (≤2) | 0.34 (0.20 to 0.60)*** | 0.40 (0.20 to 0.80)* |
Non-reported | 0.60 (0.36 to 1.00) | 0.80 (0.40 to 1.62) |
Diabetes duration was not included in the multivariable model because it presented a high proportion of missing values.
Numbers in bold indicate statistical significance. P value: *p<0.05; **p<0.01;***p<0.001.