HRs with 95% CIs and p values of Cox proportional hazards regression models for sulfonylurea versus other OHAs
| Model type | Outcomes | |||||
| All-cause mortality | Cardiovascular events | Major hypoglycemic episodes | ||||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P values | HR (95% CI) | P values | |
| Unadjusted | 2.23 (1.65 to 3.03) | <0.001 | 1.29 (1.02 to 1.63) | 0.031 | 4.72 (2.43 to 9.15) | <0.001 |
| IPTW | 1.44 (1.12 to 1.84) | 0.005 | 0.99 (0.81 to 1.22) | 0.92 | 2.78 (1.66 to 4.66) | <0.001 |
| Propensity matched | 2.25 (1.39 to 3.64) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.52 to 1.19) | 0.25 | 3.50 (1.15 to 10.63) | 0.027 |
| IPTW (no censoring for insulin or additional OHAs) | 1.35 (1.03 to 1.77) | 0.028 | 1.00 (0.79 to 1.26) | 1.00 | 2.88 (1.62 to 5.10) | <0.001 |
| IPTW (censoring after 30-day grace period) | 1.73 (1.26 to 2.34) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.86 to 1.42) | 0.42 | 3.75 (1.90 to 7.39) | <0.001 |
| Stratified by era using IPTW | ||||||
| Sulfonylurea versus pre-2008 OHAs | 0.87 (0.66 to 1.15) | 0.32 | 0.74 (0.57 to 0.95) | 0.019 | ||
| Sulfonylurea versus post-2008 OHAs | 3.33 (2.02 to 5.49) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.01 to 1.93) | 0.041 | ||
IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weight; OHA, oral antihyperglycemic agent.