Characteristics, risk factors, and complications of people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 15 and 30 years of age
| Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | P value | |
| No. of people | 731 (35%) | 1350 (65%) | – |
| No. of women | 323 (44%) | 778 (58%) | <0.001 |
| Mean current age (years) (SD) | 30 (6) | 33 (6) | <0.001 |
| Mean age at diagnosis (years) (SD) | 21 (5) | 24 (4) | <0.001 |
| Median (range) duration of diabetes (years) | 8 (1–26) | 8 (1–28) | 0.178 |
| Mean body mass index (kg/m2) (SD) | 25.8 (5.1) | 36.7 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| No. (%) Māori or Pasifika | 178 (24%) | 942 (71%) | <0.001 |
| Mean HbA1c (mmol/mol) (SD); (HbA1c %) | 74 (22);(8.9%) | 80 (24);(9.5%) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c >100 (mmol/mol) (>11.3%) | 79 (13%) | 236 (22%) | <0.001 |
| Mean systolic BP (mm Hg) (SD) | 116 (13) | 124 (16) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication | 93 (13%) | 491 (36%) | <0.001 |
| Mean total cholesterol (mmol/L) (SD) | 4.8 (1.1) | 5.0 (1.5) | 0.007 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) (SD) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) (SD) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Statin dispensing | 72 (10%) | 387 (29%) | <0.001 |
| No. (%) that have ever smoked | 222 (30%) | 536 (40%) | <0.001 |
| Median (range) 5-year CVD risk score (%) | 4.9 (1.8–25.6) | 8.1 (2.0–31.3) | <0.001 |
| No. with ophthalmology procedures/cataracts | 35 (5%) | 66 (5%) | 0.919 |
| Albuminuria (n (%) of subjects) | |||
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio >3.5 g/mol | 115 (22%) | 580 (61%) | <0.001 |
| Urine albumin/creatinine ratio >30 g/mol | 27 (5%) | 244 (26%) | <0.001 |
| No. (%) with composite outcome | 25 (3%) | 107 (8%) | <0.001 |
Ethnicity unknown for 3 people with T1D and 25 people with T2D people. Data available in 2015–2016 period: BMI 668 (91%) T1D, 1211 (90%) T2D; BP 668 (91%) T1D, 1199 (89%) T2D; total cholesterol 705 (96%) T1D, 1325 (98%) T2D; LDL 496 (68%) T1D, 881 (65%) T2D (normal total cholesterol <5, HDL >1, LDL <3.4 mmol/L); smoking status 647 (89%) T1D, 1205 (89%) T2D (those with status unavailable attributed as non-smokers); HbA1c 597 (82%) T1D, 1076 (80%) T2D; urine albumin/creatinine 530 (73%) T1D, 955 (71%) T2D. A full set of data for CVD risk calculation was available for 495 (68%) T1D, 840 (62%) T2D. Ophthalmology procedures: intravitreal injection, vitrectomy, photocoagulation. Composite outcome: dialysis/peripheral vascular disease/lower limb amputations/cerebrovascular disease/ischemic heart disease/heart failure/death.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes.