Participant characteristics by analysis sample*
| Characteristics | Overall (n=392) % (n) | EFA (n=200) % (n) | CFA (n=192) % (n) |
| Age, years (mean (SD)) | 42.5 (10.1) | 42.4 (9.6) | 42.7 (10.6) |
| Years since diagnosis (mean (SD)) | 27.0 (10.5) | 26.2 (10.5) | 27.9 (10.5) |
| Female | 61 (241) | 66 (132) | 57 (109) |
| Married | 65 (253) | 65 (130) | 64 (123) |
| Non-Hispanic/Latino white | 81 (319) | 80 (160) | 83 (159) |
| Education | |||
| High school graduate or less | 6 (24) | 8 (15) | 5 (9) |
| Some college/technical college | 29 (114) | 27 (53) | 32 (61) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 37 (146) | 38 (76) | 36 (70) |
| Graduate or professional degree | 27 (107) | 28 (55) | 27 (52) |
| Household income | |||
| $50 000 or less | 31 (121) | 30 (59) | 32 (62) |
| $50 001–$100 000 | 29 (112) | 30 (60) | 27 (52) |
| $100 001 or more | 39 (151) | 39 (78) | 38 (73) |
| At least one diabetes-related comorbidity | 25 (99) | 22 (44) | 29 (55) |
| Technology use | |||
| Pump and CGM | 35 (139) | 36 (72) | 35 (67) |
| Closed loop system | 23 (89) | 21 (42) | 24 (47) |
| CGM only | 13 (49) | 15 (30) | 10 (19) |
| Pump only | 11 (44) | 12 (24) | 10 (20) |
| No technology use | 18 (70) | 16 (31) | 20 (39) |
| Outcome measures | |||
| A1c (mean (SD))† | |||
| IFCC (%) | 7.7 (1.4) | 7.6 (1.5) | 7.7 (1.4) |
| NGSP (mmol/mol) | 60.3 (15.6) | 59.9 (16.3) | 60.7 (14.9) |
| Diabetes-Specific Quality of Life Scale (mean (SD)) | 61.5 (21.0) | 61.4 (20.0) | 61.5 (22.1) |
*Values may not add to 100% due to rounding or non-response.
†n=254 with an A1c value within 45 days of survey completion.
CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; CGM, continuous glucose monitor; EFA, exploratory factor analysis; IFCC, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine.